S J Olsen

..In 2002, Thailand began active, population-based surveillance for radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Sa Kaeo Province...

..Results suggest that public education campaigns have been effective in reaching those at greatest risk, although some high-risk behavior continues...

..Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is endemic in Thailand and prevention strategies include vaccination, vector control, and health education...

..These data can help guide health policy towards effective prevention strategies...

..0/1000 persons. Outbreak-associated costs were $46,000. Routine or emergency immunization campaigns targeting school-aged children may help prevent or control outbreaks of typhoid fever in endemic disease areas...

..Isolates from 4 community patients differed. This was the first use of PFGE in a Campylobacter outbreak in the United States; its use was critical in determining that community cases were not linked...

..Additional educational efforts are needed to control the emergence of reptile-associated salmonellosis...

..These studies suggest that LANA immunoreactivity may be due to variations in patient response or conformational epitopes...

..5%) were reproducibly positive for HBoV by one or both targets. Our data confirm the possible association of HBoV infection with pneumonia and demonstrate the utility of these real-time PCR assays for HBoV detection...

..In September 2000, the New York City Department of Health identified a cluster of infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes isolates with identical molecular subtypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping...

..We describe the clinical characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States from April 2009 to mid-June 2009...

..We summarised cases of infection with pandemic H1N1 virus in pregnant women identified in the USA during the first month of the present outbreak, and deaths associated with this virus during the first 2 months of the outbreak...

..We estimated the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia cases requiring hospitalization in rural Thailand...

..The burden of influenza in Thailand is greater than previously appreciated, particularly in young children and the elderly. The impact and cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination for high-risk groups merits further investigation...

..These findings can inform pneumonia clinical management and treatment decisions and guide public health programming, including the development of effective prevention strategies...

..Pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide, but there are limited population-based data on the burden of disease. We sought to determine the incidence of pneumonia in rural Thailand...

..We detected human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in 4.5% of hospitalized patients with pneumonia in rural Thailand. However, the role of HBoV as a pathogen is unclear...

..Cases were also 7.6 times more likely to have chronic respiratory disease. In Thailand, the young, elderly, and those with chronic disease were at high risk for hospitalized pneumonia from influenza...

..Prospective data from multiple years are needed to develop vaccine policy and treatment guidelines, and improve pandemic preparedness...

..quot; Seventy-four percent of persons interviewed completed the surveillance report within one day of patient admission...

..Although school-based investigations can increase our understanding of epidemiology and prevention strategy effectiveness, investigators should decide which objectives are most feasible, given timing and design constraints...

..The 2009 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to study NPIs, and these real-world experiences provide much-needed data to inform pandemic response policy...

..Serologic data, although limited, may support this finding. Contamination of small, unprotected water systems may be an increasing public health risk...

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..41; 95% CI, .24-.68; P < .001). We detected viral RNA in two participants' stools. All cultures were negative. This investigation suggests that the duration of virus detection was likely similar to the seasonal influenza virus...

..We compare the epidemiology and clinical presentation of seasonal influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) using a prospective surveillance system for acute respiratory disease in Guatemala...

..Legionella species, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae are recognized as important causes of pneumonia in high-income countries, but their significance in middle-income countries, such as Thailand, is unknown...

..Dairy cattle are the likely reservoir, and milk may be an important vehicle of Salmonella transmission to humans...

..Early in the outbreak, household transmission primarily occurred from children to other household members and was lower than the transmission rate for seasonal influenza...

..Eighteen percent self-medicated with praziquantel prophylaxis immediately after exposure, which was not appropriate. Travelers to schistosomiasis-endemic areas should consult a travel medicine physician...

..We describe the epidemiology of hospitalized RSV infections for all age groups from population-based surveillance in two rural provinces in Thailand...

..Although many infected persons traveled on commercial aircraft, the risk, if any, of in-flight transmission is unknown...

..To determine the utility of screening anti-Vi antibodies to detect chronic Salmonella Typhi carriers in an endemic community...

..This survey adds to information indicating that in rural Thailand, the burden of influenza is substantial and costs associated with an illness episode are up to 20% of an average monthly income...

..We sought to determine whether infections with human coronaviruses (HCoVs) 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63 are associated with pneumonia and to define the epidemiology of HCoV infection in rural Thailand...

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..We describe the first recognized outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella infections in the United States, which occurred in two nursing homes and one hospital in Oregon...

..PFGE was superior to all other typing methods tested for strain discrimination; it was crucial for understanding the Kansas outbreak and, when SmaI was used, provided adequate discrimination between unrelated isolates...

..85/year during 1960-79 to 0.85/year during 1980-99 (P=0.0001). S. Typhi outbreaks in the United States are generally small in size but can cause significant morbidity, and are often foodborne, warranting thorough investigation...

..Our findings highlight the limitations of culture-based detection methods to estimate invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in settings where pre-culture antibiotic use is common...

..The antigen testing of blood culture broth appears to enhance the detection of pneumococcal bacteremia, but a controlled evaluation is needed...

..In this nasopharyngeal carriage study in rural Thailand, 7% of children younger than 5 years of age carried Hib, a prevalence similar to that found in countries with high rates of Hib disease before vaccine introduction...

..To determine liver cancer trends in Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand...

..Nonsusceptibility was common among the serotypes included in the vaccine. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine might be a useful prevention tool in Thailand...

..For all assays, the sensitivity was highest in the second week of illness. The Widal test was insensitive and displayed interoperator variability. Two rapid kits, TyphiDot and TUBEX, demonstrated promising results...

..Appropriate use of antimicrobial agents in humans and food animals is an important factor in maintaining their effectiveness...

..Typhi carrier. We document sexual transmission of typhoid fever, which may be acquired by means of oral and anal sex, as well as via food and drink...

..We investigated the adequacy of current practices to evaluate hospitalized patients for tuberculosis, which is critical in preventing delayed diagnosis and nosocomial tuberculosis transmission...

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..This report aims to describe the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan between March and July 2003, and to examine the public health response...

..The 3-fold lower cost of the digital camera makes this technology an affordable and widely accessible alternative for surveillance systems, vaccine trials, and perhaps clinical use...

..For the first 6 weeks of the SARS outbreak, recognized spread was limited to one healthcare worker and three household contacts...

..We studied the impact of access to rapid influenza test results on antibiotic prescribing and other patient management practices for outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in a rural province in Eastern Thailand...