Research Topics
| Rebecca J EisenSummaryAffiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Country: USA Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Flea diversity as an element for persistence of plague bacteria in an East African plague focusRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
PLoS ONE 7:e35598. 2012..By contrast, flea diversity was significantly higher inside the focus than outside. Our study highlights the importance of considering flea diversity in models of Y. pestis persistence...
What do we need to know about disease ecology to prevent Lyme disease in the northeastern United States?Rebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 49:11-22. 2012....- Ecoepidemiology of tularemia in the southcentral United StatesRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 78:586-94. 2008..The study shows the potential for research on tularemia ecoepidemiology and highlights the need for further modeling efforts based on acarologic data and more fine-scale point or zip code/census tract epidemiologic data... - Adaptive strategies of Yersinia pestis to persist during inter-epizootic and epizootic periodsRebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Enteric and Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Vet Res 40:1. 2009.... 
Transmission of flea-borne zoonotic agentsRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 30333, USA
Annu Rev Entomol 57:61-82. 2012..pestis...- Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is as efficient as transmission by blocked fleasRebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Enteric and Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PO Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 44:678-82. 2007..Furthermore, transmission efficiency seemed to remain constant until block formation, resulting in an infectious period considerably longer than previously thought... - Temporal dynamics of early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas: secondary infectious feeds prolong efficient transmission by Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)Rebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PO Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 44:672-7. 2007..Our data indicated that the duration of time over which O. montana reliably transmitted plague bacteria was longer than previously thought, and this may help to explain rapid rates of epizootic spread... - A spatially-explicit model of acarological risk of exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi-infected Ixodes pacificus nymphs in northwestern California based on woodland type, temperature, and water vaporRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Ticks Tick Borne Dis 1:35-43. 2010.... - Human plague in the southwestern United States, 1957-2004: spatial models of elevated risk of human exposure to Yersinia pestisRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P O Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 44:530-7. 2007..The overall accuracy of the model was >82%. Our most conservative model predicted that 14.4% of the four-corners region represented a high risk of peridomestic exposure to Y. pestis... - Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas as a mechanism explaining rapidly spreading plague epizooticsRebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PO Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15380-5. 2006..pestis is transmitted during rapidly spreading epizootics and epidemics, including, perhaps, the Black Death... - Short report: time course of hematogenous dissemination of Francisella tularensis A1, A2, and Type B in laboratory miceRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 80:259-62. 2009..Our study provides the basis for a mouse model needed as the starting point to address these questions... - Spatial modeling of human risk of exposure to vector-borne pathogens based on epidemiological versus arthropod vector dataRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 45:181-92. 2008.... - Source of host blood affects prevalence of infection and bacterial loads of Yersinia pestis in fleasRebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Enteric and Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P O Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 45:933-8. 2008..pestis (A1122). Implications of the results for rate of spread of Y. pestis in naturally infected host populations are discussed... - Demonstration of early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by the mouse flea, Aetheca wagneri (Siphonaptera: Ceratophylidae), and implications for the role of deer mice as enzootic reservoirsRebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Enteric and Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 45:1160-4. 2008..Because deer mice typically harbor fewer than three A. wagneri per host, our data do not support the notion of an independent deer mouse--A. wagneri transmission cycle... - Predicting density of Ixodes pacificus nymphs in dense woodlands in Mendocino County, California, based on geographic information systems and remote sensing versus field-derived dataRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:632-40. 2006..Furthermore, high-risk areas (> 10.5 nymphs per 100 m(2); 1.7% of the county) tended to cluster in the central interior and most heavily populated region of Mendocino County, but were rare in the proximity of coastal population centers... - Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and their potential role as vectors in a plague-endemic region of UgandaRebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Enteric and Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 78:949-56. 2008..Plague control programs in this region should remain focused on reducing rat flea populations, although our findings imply that cat fleas should not be ignored by these programs as they could play a significant role as secondary vectors... - Residence-linked human plague in New Mexico: a habitat-suitability modelRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P O Box 2087, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:121-5. 2007.... - Studies of vector competency and efficiency of North American fleas for Yersinia pestis: state of the field and future research needsRebecca J Eisen
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Enteric and Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 46:737-44. 2009..pestis... - A spatial model of shared risk for plague and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United StatesRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Vector Borne, Zoonotic and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:999-1004. 2007..88). Increased risk for both diseases occurred for approximately 37% of the coverage area... - Colorado animal-based plague surveillance systems: relationships between targeted animal species and prediction efficacy of areas at risk for humansJennifer L Lowell
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Vector Ecol 34:22-31. 2009.... - Transmission efficiency of two flea species (Oropsylla tuberculata cynomuris and Oropsylla hirsuta) involved in plague epizootics among prairie dogsAryn P Wilder
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Ecohealth 5:205-12. 2008..tuberculata cynomuris abundance, and in September-October when O. hirsuta is common. Our findings may be useful in determining the timing of insecticidal dusting to slow plague transmission in black-tailed prairie dogs... - Landscape and residential variables associated with plague-endemic villages in the West Nile region of UgandaKatherine MacMillan
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 84:435-42. 2011..The identified variables are consistent with current ecologic theories on plague transmission dynamics. This preliminary study serves as a foundation for future case control studies in the area... - Spatial risk assessments based on vector-borne disease epidemiologic data: importance of scale for West Nile virus disease in ColoradoAnna M Winters
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Vector Borne, Zoonotic and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:945-53. 2010..We discuss how these findings impact on practices to develop spatial epidemiologic data for vector-borne diseases and present data to stakeholders... - Blood meal identification in off-host cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of UgandaChristine B Graham
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 88:381-9. 2013..Our findings indicate that cat fleas in human habitations in the West Nile region feed primarily on domesticated species. We conclude that C. felis is unlikely to serve as a Y. pestis bridging vector in this region... - Identification of flea blood meals using multiplexed real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting mitochondrial gene fragmentsMichael E Woods
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 80:998-1003. 2009..Future application of the assay will help us better define the ecology of plague in East Africa to implement effective control measures to combat the spread of disease... - Changing socioeconomic indicators of human plague, New Mexico, USAAnna M Schotthoefer
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA dclin edu
Emerg Infect Dis 18:1151-4. 2012..In the 1980s, cases were more likely in census block groups with poor housing conditions, but by the 2000s, cases were associated with affluent areas concentrated in the Santa Fe-Albuquerque region... - Transmission efficiency of Francisella tularensis by adult american dog ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)Sara M Reese
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, USA
J Med Entomol 48:884-90. 2011..These findings support the concept that D. variabilis adults may play a significant role in epizootic transmission of F. tularensis, and as a bridging vector to humans... - Climatic predictors of the intra- and inter-annual distributions of plague cases in New Mexico based on 29 years of animal-based surveillance dataHeidi E Brown
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector Borne and Enteric Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, 3150 Rampart Road, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:95-102. 2010..Understanding associations between environmental and meteorological factors can be useful for anticipating future disease trends... - Efficacy of indoor residual spraying using lambda-cyhalothrin for controlling nontarget vector fleas (Siphonaptera) on commensal rats in a plague endemic region of northwestern UgandaJeff N Borchert
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 49:1027-34. 2012.... - Effects of temperature on the transmission of Yersinia Pestis by the flea, Xenopsylla Cheopis, in the late phase periodAnna M Schotthoefer
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic, Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
Parasit Vectors 4:191. 2011..i.), and every 3-4 days thereafter until day 14 p.i. for fleas held at 10°C, or 28 days p.i. for fleas held at 23-30°C. Transmission was confirmed using Y. pestis-specific antigen or antibody detection assays on mouse tissues... - Oropsylla hirsuta (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) can support plague epizootics in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) by early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestisAryn P Wilder
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8:359-67. 2008..Shared burrows and sociality of prairie dogs could lead to accumulation of fleas when host population is reduced as a result of the disease, enabling epizootic spread of plague among prairie dogs... - Effects of temperature on early-phase transmission of Yersina pestis by the flea, Xenopsylla cheopisAnna M Schotthoefer
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic, Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
J Med Entomol 48:411-7. 2011..By contrast, transmission may be delayed or inhibited at low temperatures, indicating that epizootic spread of Y. pestis by X. cheopis via early-phase transmission is unlikely during colder periods of the year... - Evaluation of rodent bait containing imidacloprid for the control of fleas on commensal rodents in a plague-endemic region of northwest UgandaJeff N Borchert
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
J Med Entomol 47:842-50. 2010.... - Multiple Francisella tularensis subspecies and clades, tularemia outbreak, UtahJeannine M Petersen
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 14:1928-30. 2008..tularensis subsp. holarctica. These findings indicate that multiple subspecies and clades can cause disease in a localized outbreak of tularemia... - Evaluation and modification of off-host flea collection techniques used in northwest Uganda: laboratory and field studiesJeff N Borchert
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
J Med Entomol 49:210-4. 2012..Within human habitations in Uganda, Kilonzo traps were especially useful for collecting C. felis, the dominant species found in human habitations in this area... - Assessing human risk of exposure to plague bacteria in northwestern Uganda based on remotely sensed predictorsRebecca J Eisen
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:904-11. 2010..However, it is clear that future studies aimed at identifying behavioral and fine-scale ecological risk factors in the West Nile region are required to fully assess the risk of human exposure to Y. pestis... - Climate predictors of the spatial distribution of human plague cases in the West Nile region of UgandaKatherine MacMillan
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 86:514-23. 2012..This study serves as a foundation for similar modeling efforts of other vector-borne and zoonotic disease in regions with sparse observational meteorologic networks... - Predictive spatial models for risk of West Nile virus exposure in eastern and western ColoradoAnna M Winters
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 1690, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 79:581-90. 2008.... - Transmission cycles of Borrelia burgdorferi and B. bissettii in relation to habitat type in northwestern CaliforniaLars Eisen
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
J Vector Ecol 34:81-91. 2009..burgdorferi in certain woodlands offers intriguing opportunities for preventing Lyme disease by targeting these animals by means of either host-targeted acaricides or oral vaccination against B. burgdorferi... - Improvement of disease prediction and modeling through the use of meteorological ensembles: human plague in UgandaSean M Moore
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
PLoS ONE 7:e44431. 2012..These methods are particularly valuable in regions with sparse observational networks and high morbidity and mortality from vector-borne diseases... - Annual seroprevalence of Yersinia pestis in coyotes as predictors of interannual variation in reports of human plague cases in Arizona, United StatesHeidi E Brown
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11:1439-46. 2011..However, issues with data resolution and surveillance effort that potentially limit the public health utility of using coyote seroprevalence rates are discussed... - Persistence of Yersinia pestis in soil under natural conditionsRebecca J Eisen
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 14:941-3. 2008..These results have implications for defining plague foci, persistence, transmission, and bioremediation after a natural or intentional exposure to Y. pestis... - Need for improved methods to collect and present spatial epidemiologic data for vectorborne diseasesLars Eisen
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 13:1816-20. 2007..Such fine-scale spatial risk patterns can be communicated to the public and medical community through Web-mapping approaches... - The effect of spatial and temporal subsetting on Culex tarsalis abundance models--a design for sensible reduction of vector surveillanceHeidi E Brown
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
J Am Mosq Control Assoc 27:120-8. 2011..We show that this productivity-based subset scheme performs better than other sampling effort reductions in generating the best estimate of Cx. tarsalis abundance per trap-night... - Transmission dynamics of Francisella tularensis subspecies and clades by nymphal Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae)Sara M Reese
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 83:645-52. 2010..Our results provide evidence of a high fitness cost and low transmission rates during the immature stages, suggesting that D. variabilis may play a limited role in enzootic maintenance of F. tularensis... - Biofilm formation is not required for early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestisSara M Vetter
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Enteric and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
Microbiology 156:2216-25. 2010..pestis in our EPT model, although biofilm overproduction inhibited efficient EPT. Our results also indicate, however, that biofilms may play a role in infection persistence in the flea... - Combining real-time polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green I detection and sequencing to identify vertebrate bloodmeals in fleasChristine B Graham
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
J Med Entomol 49:1442-52. 2012..Using the established cutoff, our assay detected human, rat, and goat DNA in artificially fed C. felis up to 72 h postfeeding... - An acarologic survey and Amblyomma americanum distribution map with implications for tularemia risk in MissouriHeidi E Brown
Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 84:411-9. 2011..Our study provides an updated distribution map for A. americanum in Missouri and suggests a wide-spread risk of human exposure to A. americanum and their associated pathogens in this region... - Spatial risk models for human plague in the West Nile region of UgandaAnna M Winters
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Vector Borne, Zoonotic and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 80:1014-22. 2009.... - Evaluation of the Infectiousness to Mice of Soil Contaminated with Yersinia pestis-Infected BloodKaren A Boegler
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12:948-52. 2012..96% (95% CI 0.17, 5.25%). This suggests that although transmission of Y. pestis from contaminated soils is possible, it is not likely a major transmission route under natural conditions... - Combining mosquito vector and human disease data for improved assessment of spatial West Nile virus disease riskAnna M Winters
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 78:654-65. 2008..The entomological risk model performed well when applied to the western, mountainous part of Colorado and validated against epidemiologic data... - Transmission dynamics of Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. during the key third day of feeding by nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)Andrias Hojgaard
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, NCZVED, CCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA
J Med Entomol 45:732-6. 2008..The cumulative probability that 50% of infected ticks transmitted B. burgdorferi s.s. occurred at 68 h of tick attachment and our overall estimate that a human tick bite would result in transmission of B. burgdorferi s.s. was 2.4%... - What is the risk for exposure to vector-borne pathogens in United States national parks?Lars Eisen
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 3195 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
J Med Entomol 50:221-30. 2013.... - Transmission shifts underlie variability in population responses to Yersinia pestis infectionMichael G Buhnerkempe
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
PLoS ONE 6:e22498. 2011.... - Development of a real-time quantitative PCR assay to enumerate Yersinia pestis in fleasElizabeth S Gabitzsch
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 79:99-101. 2008..pestis and as little as 300 bacteria in infected flea triturates. This qPCR assay enables rapid enumeration of Y. pestis bacterium in laboratory-infected fleas when compared with conventional serial dilution plating... - Indicators for elevated risk of human exposure to host-seeking adults of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) in ColoradoLars Eisen
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
J Vector Ecol 33:117-28. 2008..andersoni and its associated pathogens... - Using geographic information systems and decision support systems for the prediction, prevention, and control of vector-borne diseasesLars Eisen
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
Annu Rev Entomol 56:41-61. 2011..We see great potential for the use of new technologies and approaches to more effectively target limited surveillance, prevention, and control resources and to reduce vector-borne and other infectious diseases... - Repellent activity of fractioned compounds from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis essential oil against nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)Gabrielle Dietrich
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
J Med Entomol 43:957-61. 2006..Although not statistically significantly more active than deet, the ability of these natural products to repel ticks at relatively low concentrations may represent a potential alternative to synthetic commercial repellents... - Climate and vectorborne diseasesKenneth L Gage
Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector Borne, and Enteric Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Am J Prev Med 35:436-50. 2008....