Research Topics
| R F BaumeisterSummaryAffiliation: Case Western Reserve University Country: USA Publications
| Collaborators
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Detail Information
Publications
Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk taking, and self-regulationK P Leith
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 7123, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 71:1250-67. 1996..Studies 5 and 6 showed that the risky tendencies are limited to unpleasant moods accompanied by high arousal; neither sadness nor neutral arousal resulted in destructive risk taking...- Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: the dark side of high self-esteemR F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 7123, USA
Psychol Rev 103:5-33. 1996..The mediating process may involve directing anger outward as a way of avoiding a downward revision of the self-concept... - Gender differences in erotic plasticity: the female sex drive as socially flexible and responsiveR F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 7123, USA
Psychol Bull 126:347-74; discussion 385-9. 2000.... - What do men want? Gender differences and two spheres of belongingness: comment on Cross and Madson (1997)R F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 7123, USA
Psychol Bull 122:38-44; discussion 51-5. 1997..Gender differences in aggression, helping behavior, desire for power, uniqueness, self-representations, interpersonal behavior, and intimacy fit this view... - Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thoughtRoy F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 7123, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 83:817-27. 2002..The cognitive impairments appeared to involve reductions in both speed (effort) and accuracy. The effect was not mediated by mood... - Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource?R F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 7123, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 74:1252-65. 1998..e., more prone to favor the passive-response option). These results suggest that the self's capacity for active volition is limited and that a range of seemingly different, unrelated acts share a common resource... - Virtue, personality, and social relations: self-control as the moral muscleR F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 7123, USA
J Pers 67:1165-94. 1999..Guilt fosters virtuous self-control by elevating inter-personal obligations over personal, selfish interests. Several features of modern Western society make virtue and self-control especially difficult to achieve... - Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?B J Bushman
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011 3180, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 75:219-29. 1998..Neither form of self-regard affected displaced aggression, which was low in general. These findings contradict the popular view that low self-esteem causes aggression and point instead toward threatened egotism as an important cause... - Do people aggress to improve their mood? Catharsis beliefs, affect regulation opportunity, and aggressive respondingB J Bushman
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011 3180, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 81:17-32. 2001..Taken together, these results suggest that many people may engage in aggression to regulate (improve) their own affective states... - A new look at defensive projection: thought suppression, accessibility, and biased person perceptionL S Newman
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 72:980-1001. 1997..Studies 5-6 provided experimental support for the model. Unfavorable traits were attributed to participants, who, when they were asked or predisposed to not think about the traits, subsequently projected them onto someone else... - Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: if you feel bad, do it!D M Tice
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 80:53-67. 2001..The implication is that when people are upset, they indulge immediate impulses to make themselves feel better, which amounts to giving short-term affect regulation priority over other self-regulatory goals... - If you can't join them, beat them: effects of social exclusion on aggressive behaviorJ M Twenge
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, California 92182 4611, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 81:1058-69. 2001..However, excluded people were not more aggressive toward someone who issued praise (Experiment 3). These responseswere specific to social exclusion (as opposed to other misfortunes) and were not mediated by emotion.. - Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: does self-control resemble a muscle?M Muraven
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, USA
Psychol Bull 126:247-59. 2000..It is concluded that the executive component of the self--in particular, inhibition--relies on a limited, consumable resource... - Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies?B J Bushman
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011 3180, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 76:367-76. 1999.... - Repressive coping: distraction using pleasant thoughts and memoriesJ M Boden
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 73:45-62. 1997..Thus, repressors apparently cope with exposure to negative affective material by accessing pleasant thoughts. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive defenses against emotional distress and the associative structure of repression... 
Evidence that logical reasoning depends on conscious processingC Nathan DeWall
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 201 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 0044, USA
Conscious Cogn 17:628-45. 2008..Meanwhile, stimulating the conscious goal of reasoning well led to improvements in reasoning performance (Experiment 4). These findings offer evidence that logical reasoning is aided by the conscious, reflective processing system...- Your money or your self-esteem: threatened egotism promotes costly entrapment in losing endeavorsLiqing Zhang
Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Pers Soc Psychol Bull 32:881-93. 2006..Thus, pursuing favorable views of the self could be costly to decision makers' financial well-being and may produce self-defeating behaviors... - Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awarenessJean M Twenge
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, California 92182 4611, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 85:409-23. 2003..Excluded participants also tried to escape from self-awareness by facing away from a mirror (Experiment 6)... - Intellectual performance and ego depletion: role of the self in logical reasoning and other information processingBrandon J Schmeichel
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 7123, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 85:33-46. 2003..Successful performance at complex thinking may therefore rely on limited regulatory resources... - Ego depletion and self-regulation failure: a resource model of self-controlRoy F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27:281-4. 2003..The self's resources, which are also used for decision-making and active responding, can be replenished by rest and positive emotions... - Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: a limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiativeKathleen D Vohs
Marketing Department, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 94:883-98. 2008.... - Toward a physiology of dual-process reasoning and judgment: lemonade, willpower, and expensive rule-based analysisE J Masicampo
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 4301, USA
Psychol Sci 19:255-60. 2008..Only lemonade with sugar reduced the attraction effect. These results show one way in which the body (blood glucose) interacts with the mind (self-control and reliance on heuristics)... - The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for gloryHarry M Wallace
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 82:819-34. 2002..Other findings suggested that narcissists' self-enhancement motivation stems more from a desire to garner admiration than from a desire to self-evaluate. Implications and directions for future research are discussed... - Is the allure of self-esteem a mirage after all?Joachim I Krueger
Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
Am Psychol 63:64-5; discussion 65-6. 2008..As members of that task force, the current authors wish to express their broad agreement with Swann et al. At the same time, in the comment presented here, they clarify pockets of disagreement... - From terror to joy: automatic tuning to positive affective information following mortality salienceC Nathan DeWall
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 0044, USA
Psychol Sci 18:984-90. 2007..These findings shed light on the coping process that ensues immediately following mortality salience and help to explain why a delay is often necessary to produce effects in line with terror management theory... - Replenishing connectedness: reminders of social activity reduce aggression after social exclusionJean M Twenge
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
Br J Soc Psychol 46:205-24. 2007..The effect was mediated by trust in other people but not by state self-esteem or mood. Rejected participants who have an alternative source of social connection eschew the increased aggression usually displayed after social exclusion... - Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: willpower is more than a metaphorMatthew T Gailliot
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 92:325-36. 2007..Self-control requires a certain amount of glucose to operate unimpaired. A single act of self-control causes glucose to drop below optimal levels, thereby impairing subsequent attempts at self-control... - Social exclusion decreases prosocial behaviorJean M Twenge
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182 4611, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 92:56-66. 2007..The implication is that rejection temporarily interferes with emotional responses, thereby impairing the capacity for empathic understanding of others, and as a result, any inclination to help or cooperate with them is undermined... - Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the "porcupine problem"Jon K Maner
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 92:42-55. 2007.... - Self-regulation and personality: how interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behaviorRoy F Baumeister
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
J Pers 74:1773-801. 2006.... - Self-regulatory processes defend against the threat of death: Effects of self-control depletion and trait self-control on thoughts and fears of dyingMatthew T Gailliot
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 91:49-62. 2006..These results suggest that self-regulation is a key intrapsychic mechanism for alleviating troublesome thoughts and feelings about mortality... - Alone but feeling no pain: Effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathyC Nathan DeWall
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 1270, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 91:1-15. 2006..The insensitivities to pain and emotion were highly intercorrelated... - Social exclusion causes self-defeating behaviorJean M Twenge
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, California 92182 4611, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 83:606-15. 2002..Thus, the effect goes beyond just hearing bad news. Emotional distress did not significantly mediate these effects across 3 different mood measures... - Self-regulation and self-presentation: regulatory resource depletion impairs impression management and effortful self-presentation depletes regulatory resourcesKathleen D Vohs
Marketing Division, Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
J Pers Soc Psychol 88:632-57. 2005..Thus, inner processes may serve interpersonal functions, although optimal interpersonal activity exacts a short-term cost... - Exploding the self-esteem mythRoy F Baumeister
Sci Am 292:70-7. 2005 - Too proud to let go: narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgivenessJulie Juola Exline
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 7123, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 87:894-912. 2004..Study 6 demonstrated that entitlement predicted diminished increases in forgiveness over time. Taken together, these results suggest that narcissistic entitlement is a robust, distinct predictor of unforgiveness... - High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal successJune P Tangney
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 4444, USA
J Pers 72:271-324. 2004..Low self-control is thus a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems... - How emotion shapes behavior: feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causationRoy F Baumeister
Florida State University, Florida, USA
Pers Soc Psychol Rev 11:167-203. 2007..To justify replacing the direct causation model with the feedback model, the authors review a large body of empirical findings...