Paul Patterson

..Thus, LIF is a potent pro-inflammatory factor in the adult spinal cord and represents a potential target for the manipulation of inflammatory reactions after spinal cord injury...

..Our results have implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for brain repair and suggest that LIF may be useful, in combination with other factors, in promoting regeneration in the adult brain...

..The discovery of subclasses of T-helper cells has provided a critical framework to aid in understanding how the cytokine network regulates these diseases...

..Wherever possible, reference is made to reviews rather than to primary articles...

..The human and animal results related to immune involvement suggest novel therapeutic avenues based on immune interventions...

..These rodent models are proving useful for the study of pathogenesis and gene-environment interactions as well as for the exploration of potential therapeutic strategies...

..This effect on fetal brain development might be caused by the maternal antiviral immune response, possibly mediated by cytokines...

..Thus, LIF is required for normal glial responses to brain damage, and, as in the periphery, LIF regulates NPY expression in the CNS...

..These results indicate that increasing the turnover of mHtt using AAV-Happ1 gene therapy represents a highly specific and effective treatment in diverse mouse models of HD...

..We also note that intrabody binding represents a powerful tool for determining the function of protein epitopes in living cells...

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..One stimulus may be the DNA damage that accumulates in neurons over time, and the subsequent activation of signaling pathways such as those regulated by IkappaB kinase (IKK), which can influence neurodegeneration in HD...

..Previously published findings demonstrated a stress-induced increase in tumor growth of implanted lymphosarcoma in C3H mice. Here, two mouse models were utilized to investigate whether stress alters the growth of solid tumors...

..Therefore, aberrant NF-kappaB activation may contribute to the neurodegeneration induced by mutant Htt...

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..These findings have important implications for a controversy surrounding adult neurogenesis: the connection between cell cycle reactivation and apoptosis of terminally differentiated neurons...

..Our results suggest that altered processing of object-related information may be part of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia-like cognitive behaviors...

..Finally, our data suggest that cerebellar abnormalities occur during embryonic development, and may be an early deficit in autism and schizophrenia...

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..Therefore, maternal viral infection has a profound effect on the behavior of adult offspring, probably via an effect of the maternal immune response on the fetus...

..Therefore, these anti-htt scFvs can be used to investigate the role of the polyP and polyQ domains in HD pathogenesis, and antibody binding to the polyP domain has potential therapeutic value in HD...

..Thus, the effects of maternal infection on fetal brain development are likely to be indirect, probably involving the maternal inflammatory response...

..This is the protein that, when mutated to contain an expanded polyQ motif, causes Huntington's disease...

..Endothelin receptor antagonists inhibit the progression of many cancers, but research into their influence on glioma has been limited...

..LIF and IGF-I, thus, have cooperative and distinct tissue functions during development. Their essential role in bone ossification apparently involves Sp3, and in lung maturation Sp3 together with TTF-1...

..The data suggest that an inflammatory response, most likely involving T lymphocytes, is necessary for the axotomy-induced increase in PACAP but not in VIP. LIF, IL-6, and TNFalpha, however, are not required for this response to injury...

..These results indicate that LIF induction in the periphery of the infant has a significant, but discrete impact on neurobehavioral development...

..Moreover, abnormal corticogenesis is associated with development of abnormal behavior in the exposed adult mice...

..Multivariate statistical and spectral analysis of electrophysiological signals acquired using this system could quantitatively identify electrical "signatures" of therapeutically useful drugs...

..Recent data indicate that these proteins have yet more functions, as key modulators of synaptic plasticity and of various behaviours. In addition, neuropoietic cytokines might be a factor in the aetiology of psychiatric disorders...

..05). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial gene transfer of leukemia inhibitory factor preserved cardiac tissue, geometry, and function after myocardial infarction in rats...

..They also provide evidence for an autocrine-signaling cascade involving IL-6, LIF, and MCP-1, which amplifies the Schwann cell-derived chemotactic signals gradually, in agreement with the delayed entry of macrophages to injured nerves...

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..This non-biased approach could uncover new pathways involved in HD pathogenesis. ..

..Therefore, without further assistance, completion of this experiment would be difficult. Removal of this aim does not undermine our overall objectives. ..

..This non-biased approach could uncover new pathways involved in HD pathogenesis. ..

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..We will also use cytokine injections of non-infected mothers to help identify cytokines that may mediate the effects of maternal viral infection. ..

..Cell-specific markers will be used to identify these proliferating cells. Analysis will be done at several stages following viral injection so as to be able to follow the fates of the cells over time. ..

..These reagents will be injected into the brains of HD mice in tests of their efficacy in inhibiting mutant Htt toxicity and aggregation. They will also be tested on brain slices from HD mice, in the presence and absence of NMDA. ..

..Since the cause is unknown, an appropriate animal model of hallucination-like brain activity would be extremely useful in exploring novel therapeutic avenues. ..