R G Gish

Summary

Affiliation: California Pacific Medical Center
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Loss of HBsAg antigen during treatment with entecavir or lamivudine in nucleoside-naïve HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B
    R G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115 1932, USA
    J Viral Hepat 17:16-22. 2010
  2. ncbi Clinical trial results of new therapies for HBV: implications for treatment guidelines
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Semin Liver Dis 25:29-39. 2005
  3. ncbi Current treatment and future directions in the management of chronic hepatitis B viral infection
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street, Room 232, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Clin Liver Dis 9:541-65, v. 2005
  4. ncbi Treating HCV with ribavirin analogues and ribavirin-like molecules
    Robert G Gish
    California Pacific Medical Center, Liver Transplant Program, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, 2340 Clay Street, 223, San Francisco, CA 94612, USA
    J Antimicrob Chemother 57:8-13. 2006
  5. ncbi Hepatitis B in liver transplant recipients
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Transplantation and Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
    Liver Transpl 12:S54-64. 2006
  6. ncbi Hepatocellular carcinoma: overcoming challenges in disease management
    Robert G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physician s Foundation at California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:252-61. 2006
  7. ncbi Chronic hepatitis B: current testing strategies
    Robert G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physician Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:666-76. 2006
  8. ncbi Chronic hepatitis B: current epidemiology in the Americas and implications for management
    R G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physician Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    J Viral Hepat 13:787-98. 2006
  9. ncbi Improving outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis B
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street, Room 223, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Curr Gastroenterol Rep 9:14-22. 2007
  10. ncbi Virological response and safety outcomes in therapy-nai ve patients treated for chronic hepatitis C with taribavirin or ribavirin in combination with pegylated interferon alfa-2a: a randomized, phase 2 study
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
    J Hepatol 47:51-9. 2007

Detail Information

Publications55

  1. ncbi Loss of HBsAg antigen during treatment with entecavir or lamivudine in nucleoside-naïve HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B
    R G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115 1932, USA
    J Viral Hepat 17:16-22. 2010
    ....
  2. ncbi Clinical trial results of new therapies for HBV: implications for treatment guidelines
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Semin Liver Dis 25:29-39. 2005
    ..This article describes the clinical experience with new antiviral agents and the implications of the trial results for practice guidelines...
  3. ncbi Current treatment and future directions in the management of chronic hepatitis B viral infection
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street, Room 232, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Clin Liver Dis 9:541-65, v. 2005
    ..Vaccination is the major form of treatment (prevention) that may eventually eliminate HBV worldwide. This article discusses the currently available treatments as well as evolving treatments for chronic HBV infection...
  4. ncbi Treating HCV with ribavirin analogues and ribavirin-like molecules
    Robert G Gish
    California Pacific Medical Center, Liver Transplant Program, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, 2340 Clay Street, 223, San Francisco, CA 94612, USA
    J Antimicrob Chemother 57:8-13. 2006
    ..Although other IMDPH inhibitors also have antiviral activity, these medications appear best suited as immunosuppressive medications at this time...
  5. ncbi Hepatitis B in liver transplant recipients
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Transplantation and Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
    Liver Transpl 12:S54-64. 2006
    ....
  6. ncbi Hepatocellular carcinoma: overcoming challenges in disease management
    Robert G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physician s Foundation at California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:252-61. 2006
    ..The medical community faces numerous challenges in hepatocellular carcinoma and must work toward better management and multidisciplinary care of this complex disease...
  7. ncbi Chronic hepatitis B: current testing strategies
    Robert G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physician Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:666-76. 2006
    ..Suggested frequencies for HBV DNA monitoring are presented...
  8. ncbi Chronic hepatitis B: current epidemiology in the Americas and implications for management
    R G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physician Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    J Viral Hepat 13:787-98. 2006
    ..Additionally, the implications for management focusing on issues predominant in high-risk populations are presented...
  9. ncbi Improving outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis B
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street, Room 223, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Curr Gastroenterol Rep 9:14-22. 2007
    ..This paper describes ways to improve outcomes of CHB using vaccines, interferon, lamivudine, adefovir, and newer agents...
  10. ncbi Virological response and safety outcomes in therapy-nai ve patients treated for chronic hepatitis C with taribavirin or ribavirin in combination with pegylated interferon alfa-2a: a randomized, phase 2 study
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
    J Hepatol 47:51-9. 2007
    ..Taribavirin, a ribavirin prodrug, has shown a lower incidence of anemia. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of taribavirin vs. ribavirin combined with pegylated interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)...
  11. ncbi Phase III randomized controlled trial comparing the survival of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nolatrexed or doxorubicin
    Robert G Gish
    California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    J Clin Oncol 25:3069-75. 2007
    ..The study objective was to compare the overall survival (OS) of patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with nolatrexed (NOL) or doxorubicin (DOX)...
  12. ncbi Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): current and evolving therapies
    Robert G Gish
    Departments of Medicine and Transplantation, Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, PO Box 7999, San Francisco, CA 94115 7999, USA
    IDrugs 11:198-203. 2008
    ..These new approaches may help to address the enormous need for expanded treatment options for patients with HCC...
  13. ncbi Diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B and the implications of viral variants and mutations
    Robert G Gish
    Liver Transplant Program, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Am J Med 121:S12-21. 2008
    ..More research is needed to further clarify the significance of HBV variants and their relation to therapeutic agents and strategies...
  14. ncbi Hepatitis B treatment: Current best practices, avoiding resistance
    Robert G Gish
    Liver Transplant Program, Division of Hepatology and Complex Gastroenterology, California Pacific Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Cleve Clin J Med 76:S14-9. 2009
    ..Use of the most potent agents as first-line therapy lowers the risk of resistance; but if resistance develops, adding an additional agent, rather than switching to another therapy, is advised...
  15. ncbi Management of hepatitis C virus in special populations: patient and treatment considerations
    Robert G Gish
    Liver Transplant Program and Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street 232, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:311-8. 2005
    ..Close monitoring and management of therapeutic side effects are required to assist these patients in adhering to therapy...
  16. ncbi Treating hepatitis C: the state of the art
    Robert G Gish
    California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street 233, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Gastroenterol Clin North Am 33:S1-9. 2004
    ....
  17. ncbi Future directions in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    R G Gish
    Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
    Can J Gastroenterol 13:57-62. 1999
    ..Along with examining some of the information known about HCV therapy and the HCV genome, the present review discusses potential targets for new therapies and identifies therapeutic agents that are nearing clinical application...
  18. ncbi Characterization of anti-hepatitis C virus-positive sera not genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism or serology
    R G Gish
    Department of Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:339-44. 1999
    ..The purpose of this study was to characterize anti-hepatitis C positive sera samples that were not genotyped either by restriction fragment length polymorphism or by serology...
  19. ncbi Autoimmune liver disease. Current standards, future directions
    R G Gish
    Departments of Medicine and Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
    Clin Liver Dis 5:287-314. 2001
    ..New immune tests may allow therapies to be customized to patients, and antiviral therapies may also eventually be used in the management of this autoimmune liver diseases...
  20. ncbi Maximizing the benefits of antiviral therapy for HCV: the advantages of treating side effects
    Robert G Gish
    Liver Transplant Program, California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Gastroenterol Clin North Am 33:xxiii-xxiv. 2004
  21. ncbi Efficacy of interferon alpha-2b induction therapy before retreatment for chronic hepatitis C
    Catherine Carr
    Departments of Medicine and Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
    Liver Int 27:1111-8. 2007
    ..Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients who have failed previous treatment have low sustained viral response (SVR) rates with repeat treatment. We evaluated whether interferon (IFN) induction during retreatment improves response rates...
  22. ncbi A pilot study of extended duration peginterferon alfa-2a for patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B
    Robert G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex Gastroenterology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
    Am J Gastroenterol 102:2718-23. 2007
    ..Standard interferon is more effective for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB when given for longer than 1 yr. This study evaluated peginterferon alfa-2a for 60 wk, alone or in combination with lamivudine...
  23. ncbi Entecavir therapy for up to 96 weeks in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
    Robert G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
    Gastroenterology 133:1437-44. 2007
    ..We evaluated continued entecavir and lamivudine treatment through 96 weeks...
  24. ncbi Safety and antiviral activity of emtricitabine (FTC) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection: a two-year study
    Robert G Gish
    California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
    J Hepatol 43:60-6. 2005
    ..Based on these data, 200 mg emtricitabine once daily was chosen as the optimal dose for future hepatitis B studies...
  25. ncbi Long-term follow-up of patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse who were evaluated for liver transplantation
    R G Gish
    Departments of Medicine and Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Liver Transpl 7:581-7. 2001
    ..7; P =.002), independently predicted recidivism among patients who underwent OLT. These data indicate that specific behaviors and psychiatric diagnoses can be used to select patients at high risk for drinking alcohol before and after OLT...
  26. ncbi Studying the treatment of chronic hepatitis B viral infection in special populations
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
    Methods Mol Med 96:465-98. 2004
  27. ncbi Customizing the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    Robert G Gish
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Semin Liver Dis 27:9-17. 2007
    ..The presentation highlighted recent findings suggesting that early, profound, and sustained viral suppression improves the probability of sustained virologic response and reduces the likelihood of nucleos(t)ide resistance...
  28. ncbi Dose range study of pharmacokinetics, safety, and preliminary antiviral activity of emtricitabine in adults with hepatitis B virus infection
    R G Gish
    Department of Medicine and Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1734-40. 2002
    ..3 log(10) for the 300 mg dose administered q.d. Emtricitabine was well tolerated over the 2-month dosing period. These results support further clinical development of emtricitabine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection...
  29. ncbi Genotyping and genomic sequencing in clinical practice
    Robert G Gish
    California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay St, Room 223, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Clin Liver Dis 11:761-95, viii. 2007
    ..This article reviews the uses of NAT in the diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B...
  30. ncbi Hepatitis B in liver transplant recipients as a special model of antiviral drug development
    Robert G Gish
    Department of Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
    Methods Mol Med 96:319-41. 2004
  31. ncbi Current developments in the treatment of hepatitis and hepatobiliary disease
    Robert G Gish
    Liver Transplant Program, California Pacific Medical Center, USA
    Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 4:511-2. 2006
  32. ncbi Hepatitis B in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area: an integrated programme to respond to a diverse local epidemic
    R G Gish
    Division of GI Hepatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
    J Viral Hepat 18:e40-51. 2011
    ....
  33. ncbi Mycophenolate mofetil in autoimmune hepatitis patients not responsive or intolerant to standard immunosuppressive therapy
    Ira Inductivo Yu
    Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physicians Foundation, Department of Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:799-802. 2007
    ..The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical, histologic, and hematologic parameters during mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment in AIH patients who did not respond to or were intolerant of prednisone and/or azathioprine...
  34. ncbi Hepatitis B e antigen in sera from individuals infected with hepatitis B virus of genotype G
    Hideaki Kato
    Second Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
    Hepatology 35:922-9. 2002
    ..Along with seroconversion to anti-HBe, HBV/G would be selected accompanied by the recombination with HBV/A. Further studies should be performed to confirm these findings...
  35. ncbi The degree of readiness of selected biomarkers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: notes from a recent workshop
    Timothy M Block
    Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
    Cancer Biomark 4:19-33. 2008
    ..It is emphasized that only a selected set of biomarkers was considered; thus, this review is not comprehensive and not intended to review all candidate HCC biomarkers...
  36. ncbi Cost effectiveness of entecavir versus lamivudine with adefovir salvage in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
    David L Veenstra
    Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    Pharmacoeconomics 25:963-77. 2007
    ..Previous economic analyses have been limited by the lack of comparative clinical data for entecavir and lamivudine beyond 1-year duration and for salvage therapy...
  37. ncbi Final results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the antifibrotic efficacy of interferon-gamma1b in chronic hepatitis C patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis
    Paul J Pockros
    Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Hepatology 45:569-78. 2007
    ..Subgroups of patients with elevated ITAC levels and perhaps less advanced disease may be considered for future studies with IFN-gamma1b...
  38. ncbi A case-control study for differences among hepatitis B virus infections of genotypes A (subtypes Aa and Ae) and D
    Yasuhito Tanaka
    Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
    Hepatology 40:747-55. 2004
    ..In conclusion, the clearance of HBeAg from serum may occur by different mechanisms in HBV/Aa, HBV/Ae, and HBV/D infections, which may influence clinical manifestations in the Western countries where both genotypes A and D are prevalent...
  39. ncbi Eight genotypes (A-H) of hepatitis B virus infecting patients from San Francisco and their demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics
    Hideaki Kato
    Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
    J Med Virol 73:516-21. 2004
    ..HBV genotype H might be identified by combination of preS2 serotpe bksf and HBsAg serotype adw...
  40. ncbi Survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatic iron overload: the national hemochromatosis transplant registry
    Kris V Kowdley
    University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
    Gastroenterology 129:494-503. 2005
    ..We examined the effect of HFE mutations on posttransplantation survival in patients with hepatic iron overload...
  41. ncbi Characteristics of hepatitis B virus isolates of genotype G and their phylogenetic differences from the other six genotypes (A through F)
    Hideaki Kato
    Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
    J Virol 76:6131-7. 2002
    ..It is worthy of examination to determine how coinfection occurs and whether HBV/G needs HBV/A for replication...
  42. ncbi A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients
    Ting Tsung Chang
    National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
    Gastroenterology 129:1198-209. 2005
    ..This randomized, dose-ranging, phase 2 study compared the efficacy and safety of entecavir with lamivudine in lamivudine-refractory patients...
  43. ncbi Epidemiological and sequence differences between two subtypes (Ae and Aa) of hepatitis B virus genotype A
    Fuminaka Sugauchi
    Departments of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
    J Gen Virol 85:811-20. 2004
    ..Subtypes Aa and Ae of genotype A deserve evaluation for any clinical differences between them, with a special reference to hepatocellular carcinoma prevalent in Africa...
  44. ncbi T1653 mutation in the box alpha increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus genotype C infection
    Kiyoaki Ito
    Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
    Clin Infect Dis 42:1-7. 2006
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the addition of T1653 mutation in the box alpha to the basic core promoter mutation increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus genotype C...
  45. ncbi Classifying genotype F of hepatitis B virus into F1 and F2 subtypes
    Hideaki Kato
    Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
    World J Gastroenterol 11:6295-304. 2005
    ..CONCLUSION: Based on these analyses, classifying HBV/F isolates into two subtypes (F1 and F2) would be more appropriate than providing them with two distinct genotypes (F and H)...
  46. ncbi Chronic hepatitis B: a critical appraisal of current approaches to therapy
    Robert P Perrillo
    Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
    Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:233-48. 2006
    ..Expert opinions may differ from those of practicing hepatologists and gastroenterologists. We aimed to explore this issue further after a critical review of the literature...
  47. ncbi Frequent coinfection with hepatitis B virus strains of distinct genotypes detected by hybridization with type-specific probes immobilized on a solid-phase support
    Hideaki Kato
    Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 467-8601, Nagoya, Japan
    J Virol Methods 110:29-35. 2003
    ..8%) sera. The GSPA method would be particularly useful for detecting the coinfection with distinct HBV genotypes of any clinical relevance, which seems to be more frequent than reported previously...
  48. ncbi Future therapies for hepatitis C
    Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
    Department of Virology, INSERM U635, Henri Mondor Hospital, University of Paris, , France
    Antivir Ther 11:397-408. 2006
    ....
  49. ncbi Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus subtype 3a in injecting drug users
    Yoann Morice
    Department of Virology and INSERM U635, French National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and delta, , , , France
    J Med Virol 78:1296-303. 2006
    ..Regional transmission occurred in the recent past, leading to an embryonic genetic diversification of HCV-3a among local injecting drug user population...
  50. ncbi Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the intra- and extracellular expression of viral DNA and antigens
    Masaya Sugiyama
    Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
    Hepatology 44:915-24. 2006
    ..In conclusion, virological differences among HBV genotypes were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. These differences may influence HBV infections with distinct genotypes in clinical and epidemiological settings...
  51. ncbi A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
    Ting Tsung Chang
    National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
    N Engl J Med 354:1001-10. 2006
    ..Entecavir is a potent and selective guanosine analogue with significant activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV)...
  52. ncbi Epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotype B having the recombination with genotype C
    Fuminaka Sugauchi
    Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science and Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
    Gastroenterology 124:925-32. 2003
    ..16 of 62 or 26%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: HBV/B having the recombination with genotype C is frequent in Asia, except in Japan, and HBeAg is more prevalent in carriers of HBV/Ba than HBV/Bj...
  53. ncbi Do we need to MEND the MELD?
    Robert G Gish
    Liver Transpl 13:486-7. 2007
  54. ncbi Severe hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine use in HIV-infected subjects
    Ian Sanne
    Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    J Infect Dis 191:825-9. 2005
    ..The use of nevirapine in female patients with a low BMI should be discouraged...
  55. ncbi Oral IDN-6556, an antiapoptotic caspase inhibitor, may lower aminotransferase activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C
    Paul J Pockros
    Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Hepatology 46:324-9. 2007
    ..Longer studies to assess potential effects of IDN-6556 on liver inflammation and fibrosis are merited...