Steven Cummings

..The result could be more rational and effective use of the expanding array of treatments for osteoporosis...

..We aimed to determine the association between blood lead, all cause and cause specific mortality in elderly, community residing women...

..The aims of this study were to identify predictors of long-term survival in older women and to develop a multivariable model based upon longitudinal data from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF)...

..The effects of lasofoxifene on the risk of fractures, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease are uncertain...

..I propose that a woman's risk of breast cancer be assessed along with her screening mammogram with consideration of chemoprevention for those at high risk...

..Decisions about pharmacological treatment to prevent fractures should be based on the patient's risk of fractures, evidence about the efficacy and nonskeletal effects of the specific treatment, and the patient's preferences...

..7%, with a 2.3-fold relative increase (95% CI 1.5-3.7). Like other SERMs, arzoxifene decreased vertebral fractures and invasive breast cancer while the risk of venous thromboembolic events increased...

..It is uncertain whether evidence supports routinely estimating a postmenopausal woman's risk of breast cancer and intervening to reduce risk...

..We determined if mammographic density is associated more strongly with ER-positive breast cancer than with ER-negative breast cancer...

..To examine the effect of raloxifene on major adverse events that occur with postmenopausal estrogen therapy or tamoxifen...

..This systematic review includes all randomized and placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of treatment for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in postmenopausal women published since 1990...

..As men age, the prevalence of frailty increases whereas levels of androgens decline. Little is known about the relation between these factors...

..We conclude that older women with low endogenous hormones have somewhat higher bone turnover, but these associations are weak. Bone turnover is determined mainly by factors other than endogenous concentrations of sex hormones...

..Alendronate sodium reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women who have vertebral fractures, but its effects on fracture risk have not been studied for women without vertebral fractures...

..This characteristic captures a physical characteristic of muscle tissue that may have importance in hip fracture etiology...

..Imbalance between dietary acid and base precursors leads to a chronic net dietary acid load that may have adverse consequences on bone...

..The principle of "regression to the mean" predicts that patients with unusual responses to treatment might represent outliers who are likely to have more typical responses if treatment is continued without change...

..Women with new vertebral fractures have an increased risk of back pain and functional limitation because of back pain. Alendronate sodium treatment reduces the risk of new vertebral fracture by 50% in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis...

..Raloxifene hydrochloride is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has antiestrogenic effects on breast and endometrial tissue and estrogenic effects on bone, lipid metabolism, and blood clotting...

..Among community-dwelling older women, compared to those without Parkinson's disease (PD), women with PD have 7.3% lower BMD and an increased risk for hip fracture (HR = 2.6)...

..We tested the hypothesis that concentrations of non-protein-bound (free) and loosely bound (bioavailable) sex hormones are associated with cognitive function in older women...

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..In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and hormone therapy use with a focus on the duration of menopause for which there was no hormone therapy use...

..The herbal product was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Short-term use of a mixture of Chinese herbs was associated with a small benefit in one measure of mental health that is of unclear clinical importance...

..We studied 5,607 older men and found that QUS predicts hip and any non-spine fracture risk nearly as well as BMD. Combined measurements of QUS and BMD are not superior to either measurement alone...

..We tested whether this polymorphism is associated with cognition...

..05). Cystatin C has a linear association with inflammatory biomarkers in an ambulatory elderly cohort with estimated glomerular filtration rates >or=60; associations are particularly strong with TNF-alpha and the STNF-R...

..The strong correlation of DXR-BMD from the X-posure System with DXA at the wrist from the Hologic machine suggests that the X-posure System may be an alternative to DXA at the wrist for the assessment of osteoporosis...

..This study indicates that diabetes is a risk factor for hip, proximal humerus, and foot fractures among older women, suggesting that fracture prevention efforts should be a consideration in the treatment of diabetes...

..light smokers. We conclude that smoking does not influence the antiosteoporotic effect of raloxifene. This may represent an advantage over estrogen replacement therapy...

..Vitamin K deficiency may be associated with osteoporosis...

..In particular, older women with low bone mineral density (BMD) have a lower risk of breast cancer and may benefit less from continued screening...

..To determine whether circadian activity rhythms are associated with mortality in community-dwelling older women...

..The association of serum OPG levels with diabetes and with cardiovascular mortality raises the possibility that OPG may be a cause of or a marker for vascular calcification...

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..Furthermore, reduction in risk is evident early in the course of treatment. This pooled analysis provides a more precise estimate of the antifracture efficacy of alendronate in women with osteoporosis than that in prior reports...

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..So, the use of follow-up measures of bone turnover may be based on patient and physician preferences...

..Older women treated with conjugated estrogens may have an increased risk of dementia, but the effect of naturally occurring sex hormones on cognition is not certain...

..An increased rate of hip fractures has been reported in patients with end-stage renal disease, but the effect of less severe renal dysfunction on fracture risk is uncertain...

..To describe associations between recent alcohol intake, physical performance, and functional limitations in older men...

..The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D] concentration and hip fractures is unclear...

..We tested this hypothesis in relationship to fractures in 2985 men and women enrolled in the Health ABC study. Results showed that subjects with the greatest number of inflammatory markers have the highest risk of fracture...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether 2 years of treatment with ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol results in a change in breast density...

..We assessed the effects of annual infusions of zoledronic acid on fracture risk during a 3-year period...

..Non-osteoporotic SVH may mimic VF but is excluded in ABQ. In men, this led to discordance between ABQ and other methods, but SVH was not linked to low bone density. Exclusion of SVH could reduce false positives...

..4 yr), vertebral TrvBMD from QCT predicted non-spine fracture in black and white women and black men, but it was not a stronger predictor than total hip aBMD from DXA. Hip aBMD predicted non-spine fracture in black men...

..It is widely believed that fractures resulting from high trauma are not osteoporotic; however, this assumption has not been studied prospectively...

..To examine the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy and Age-Related Maculopathy (ARM) in older women and to determine if these associations vary by smoking status...

..Tibolone has estrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic effects. Although tibolone prevents bone loss, its effects on fractures, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease are uncertain...

..To evaluate the association between chronic kidney disease and incident hip fracture using serum cystatin-C as a biomarker of renal function calculated without reference to muscle mass...

..07, 2.45; p trend = 0.014) compared with women with lowest lead level. Blood lead levels are associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures, extending the negative health consequences of lead to include osteoporotic fractures...

..Current models for assessing breast cancer risk are complex and do not include breast density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer that is routinely reported with mammography...

..The repeated chair stands exam should be considered in clinical settings for evaluation of hip fracture risk. Concurrent poor performance on multiple physical function exams is associated with an increased risk of hip fractures...

..We evaluated whether impaired kidney function predicted risk of fatal cardiovascular disease independent of prevalent and incident cardiovascular events...

..Frailty, as defined by the index derived from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS index), predicts risk of adverse outcomes in older adults. Use of this index, however, is impractical in clinical practice...

..Women osteoporotic only at spine would not have been identified from hip BMD measurement alone, and may have a sufficiently high fracture risk to warrant preventive treatment...

..However, no previous study, to our knowledge, has tested the independent associations of objectively estimated characteristics of sleep and risk of falls, accounting for the use of commonly prescribed treatments for insomnia...

..To examine the relationship between binocular visual field loss and the risk of incident frequent falls in older white women...

..This investigation examined whether raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, affects the risk for Alzheimer's disease...

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..Despite the challenges in study design and analysis that face investigators in this area, the identification of genetic pathways that regulate longevity may suggest potential targets for therapy...

..We conducted the Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) trial to examine the effect of 4 additional years of raloxifene therapy on the incidence of invasive breast cancer in women in MORE who agreed to continue in CORE...

..Clinicians should be alert to factors other than BMD that place older women at a high risk of hip fracture...

..Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in men account for substantial health care expenditures and decreased quality of life...

..To test the hypothesis that unintentional weight loss increases the rate of bone loss and risk of hip fracture more than intentional weight loss...

..Although we found almost all fracture types to be related to low BMD, the overall proportion of fractures attributable to low BMD is modest...

..To test the hypothesis that use of lipid-lowering drugs reduces the risk of breast cancer in older women...

..In the Women's Health Initiative trial of estrogen-plus-progestin therapy, women assigned to active treatment had fewer fractures...

..Physical activity has been related to reduced mortality, but it is not clear whether changes in physical activity affect mortality among older women...

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..Measurement of bone mass by densitometry is a primary part of diagnosing osteoporosis and deciding a preventive treatment course. Bone mineral densitometry has become more widely available and commonly used in practice...

..To update an evidence-based technology assessment of chemoprevention strategies for breast cancer risk reduction. POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS: Tamoxifen, raloxifene, aromatase inhibition, and fenretinide...

..Persons with mild to moderate chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) may have reduced bone mineral density (BMD) as a result of abnormalities in acid-base and vitamin D-parathyroid hormone homeostasis...

..To determine whether resting heart rate is associated with several types of osteoporotic fractures, mortality, and cause-specific mortality in older women...

..There was no association between postmenopausal oophorectomy and the risk of hip or vertebral fractures...

..60 vs. 1.12 for nulliparous vs. parous women; interaction p = 0.03). ESR1 polymorphisms in combination with lifestyle factors may be associated with breast cancer risk in older Caucasian women...

..Black women have a lower rate of fracture than white women, but whether bone mineral density (BMD) predicts fracture risk as well in black women as it does in white women is not established...

..To examine the association between alcohol intake and problem drinking history and bone mineral density (BMD), falls and fracture risk...

..To determine the contribution of bone mineral density (BMD) to breast cancer risk relative to other established breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis...

..As in women, lumbar spine BMD in men is only weakly associated with risk of hip fracture. Regardless of whether sex-specific or female reference values were used, T scores indicated different risks of fractures in men than in women...

..To assess the effect of raloxifene, indicated for osteoporosis treatment and prevention, on invasive breast cancer in subgroups of postmenopausal women defined by risk factors for breast cancer...

..To test the association between self-reported sleep and nap habits and risk of falls and fractures in a large cohort of older women...

..Confirmation of these findings is needed in other populations and with additional markers within and flanking the NOS3 gene region...

..The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal...

..Adipose tissue produces "adipocytokines" of uncertain clinical significance...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex hormone levels were associated with breast cancer risk and with response to tamoxifen in a high-risk population...

..39], 0.95 [0.68 to 1.32], 1.11 [0.79 to 1.57], 1.16 [0.86 to 1.58]). Cystatin C is a strong, independent risk factor for mortality in the elderly. Future studies should investigate whether cystatin C has a role in clinical medicine...

..Although the current standard, the Gail model, is well calibrated in populations, it performs poorly for individuals. Mammographic breast density (BD) may improve the predictive accuracy of the Gail model...

..The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of a lipoprotein peroxidation marker, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) for incident mobility limitation (ML)...

..39)], 8.71 (95% CI 5.74-13.22) and 5.90 (95% CI 3.57-9.76) for total body, total hip and lumbar spine, respectively. This study demonstrates a significant familial aggregation of BMD and BMC in a large sample of rural Chinese adults...

..To investigate breast cancer risk according to metabolizing genes polymorphisms in older women...

..CORE had limitations for assessing fracture risk. In a subset of 386 women, 7 years of raloxifene treatment significantly increased lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD compared from the baseline of MORE...

..Studies aimed at understanding the mechanism(s) responsible for cognitive impairment in CKD and efforts to interrupt this decline are warranted...

..Raloxifene competes with endogenous estrogen for binding to estrogen receptors in breast tissue. A woman's estradiol level may alter the effects of raloxifene on breast cancer and other outcomes...

..If our hypotheses are born out, this may lead to trials and recommendations about lifestyle, vitamin D supplementation, or medication, to promote high levels of function late in life. ..

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..This Consortium will catalyze interactions between outstanding laboratory and clinical scientists that will lead to collaborative studies of the genetic determinants of longevity and frailty. ..

..The proposed study is a very efficient approach to understanding the etiologies of hip fracture. ..

..The application includes six distinct research projects, and three cores (Administrative, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Genomics). Details are provided below. ..

..If our hypotheses are born out, this may lead to trials and recommendations about lifestyle, vitamin D supplementation, or medication, to promote high levels of function late in life. ..

..The SOF Coordinating Center was funded for 5 years; SOF clinical centers for 3 years. In order to meet these aims, two years of support is requested for the SOF clinical centers. ..

..The proposed study is a cost-effective approach to determining whether a safe and inexpensive nutritional intervention substantially reduces the risk of fracture and to understanding the mechanism of this effect. ..

..The proposed study is a cost-effective approach to determining whether a safe and inexpensive nutritional intervention substantially reduces the risk of fracture and to understanding the mechanism of this effect. ..

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..We propose using our archived DNA specimens and existing data about hip and vertebral fractures, breast cancer, bone mass, serum sex hormones and lipoproteins to determine whether these ER variations have biological importance. ..

..Continued study of this unique cohort is likely to produce important advances in understanding and preventing fractures in older women...

..The results of our study will guide clinical and public health efforts to prevent these fractures...