AUDREY TYRKA

..This study investigated prospective predictors of lifetime history diagnoses of partial- and full-syndrome anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (referred to as anorexic syndrome and bulimic syndrome.)..

..The aim of this study was to examine associations between childhood adversity, parental bonding, gender, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in non-treatment-seeking adults from the community...

..Here we examine cortisol-emotional/behavioral associations at a two-year follow-up and test whether initial cortisol is predictive of worsening emotional/behavioral problems two years later...

..Identification of premorbid risk processes might allow for detection and intervention prior to the development of disease...

..Recent studies have begun to examine whether early-life stress leads to epigenetic modifications of the GR gene in humans...

..The present study tested the association between temperament and HPA axis function in the same group of subjects using a standardized psychosocial neuroendocrine stress test...

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..This study was conducted to determine whether CRHR1 polymorphisms interact with childhood maltreatment to predict hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, which has been linked to both depression and early life stress...

..Increased adrenocortical reactivity, which previously has been linked to major depression and anxiety disorders, may contribute to the association between temperament/personality traits and these disorders...

..For parental separation/desertion, our results highlight the overriding influence of risk factors that commonly co-occur with this form of parental loss...

..There were no significant differences between the maltreatment groups. These findings indicate that emotional abuse/neglect and physical/sexual abuse are risk factors for a broad array of personality outcomes in a non-clinical sample...

..Based on previous evidence linking psychosocial stress to shorter telomere length, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of childhood adversity on telomere length...

..The implications of these findings and how they may relate to the pathogenesis of emotional and behavioral problems are discussed...

..A recent study found HPA hyperactivity in adults with high levels of neuroticism. The present study investigated associations of temperament and HPA function in 31 healthy adults...

..This study examined the effect of tryptophan depletion, which acutely reduces brain serotonin concentrations, on serial cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in healthy humans...

..Problems with this literature are highlighted, and strategies for future research are suggested...

..The broader implications of these results and how they relate to sex differences in the etiology and clinical presentation of anxiety and mood disorders are discussed...

..To assess possible antidepressant effects of varenicline augmentation in outpatients with treatment-resistant depressive disorders and nicotine dependence...

..The observed sex differences in the use of coping strategies and their association with depression and anxiety-related problems underscores differences in the clinical presentation of anxiety and depression between women and men...

..Several studies have shown abnormal cortisol reactivity in phenotypically healthy adults without psychiatric disorders as a function of exposure to adverse early environments...

..A diminished hormone response has been observed in chronically depressed outpatients...

..This study was undertaken to determine whether IL-6 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) differ between depressed patients and healthy control subjects...

..More work is needed to elucidate the critical nature and timing of early events that may be associated with enduring neuroendocrine changes in humans...

..Taken together, the preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that drugs targeting nAChRs may represent an important new approach to the treatment of depression...

..Low CSF SP may reflect a biological marker of the subtype of severe and chronic depression that is resistant to standard therapies...

..Inflammation may be an important developmental mediator linking adverse experiences in early life to poor adult physical and mental health. The results of this preliminary study warrant further investigation in a larger sample...

..e., depressive and anxiety) disorders. Recent findings have suggested a unique role for early life stress (ELS) in the development of internalizing disorders, contributing to the rapid proliferation of research in this area...

..3+/-0.8 pg/ml) and their matched controls (n=14) (1.9+/-0.5 pg/ml). These findings fail to support speculation that ongoing immune activation may be causally involved in the pathogenesis of OCD or trichotillomania...

..However, studies of childhood maltreatment and adult HPA function have not yet rigorously investigated the differential effects of maltreatment subtypes, including physical abuse...

..These findings suggest the importance of efforts to educate the public about how to obtain mental health services...

..Further investigations are currently underway in order to more fully evaluate both of these neurostimulation therapies, with the hope of substantially improving the treatment of refractory depression...

..Abnormal HPA response to stress challenge has been reported in adult patients with major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder...

..Other compounds that enhance synaptic norepinephrine have shown efficacy as antidepressant monotherapies and as augmentation agents. This case series study examined the role of atomoxetine in antidepressant augmentation...

..Tiagabine, a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor (SGRI) that enhances normal GABA tone, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of depression comorbid with significant anxiety...

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..The review ends by considering drugs acting on the melatonin, acetylcholine, and glutamate systems that hold promise as future options for TRD...

..To investigate such usage of quetiapine, we evaluated prescribing practices of this drug at our acute-care psychiatric hospital...

..These findings link reports of childhood abuse with symptoms of personality disorders in the absence of Axis I psychiatric disorders in a community sample of healthy adults...

..Participants were from white, upper-middle-class families...

..To review the new findings about stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and depression trying to explain a possible endophenotype prone to depression...

..Results of this study may provide insight into the neurobiological markers and mechanisms of psychopathology in these vulnerable children. Such information may contribute to future treatment and prevention efforts. ..

..Results of this study may provide insight into the neurobiological markers and mechanisms of psychopathology in these vulnerable children. Such information may contribute to future treatment and prevention efforts. ..