Robert Swift

..The aim of the current study was to evaluate the extent to which variability in patient adherence to treatment contributed to the range of clinical responses observed during naltrexone treatment...

..To review pharmacotherapies and psychosocial interventions for the treatment of alcohol dependence, including recent developments that may minimize nonadherence...

..Additionally, these results highlight the potential utility of considering limb of blood alcohol curve when examining the mechanisms of action of pharmacotherapies thought to alter subjective responses to alcohol...

..This laboratory study systematically examined the dose-dependent effects of topiramate on cue-elicited craving and other putative mechanisms of its pharmacotherapeutic effects on drinking...

..Transdermal alcohol sensors detect alcohol regularly throughout the day, providing remote monitoring and allowing for rapid reinforcement of reductions in use...

..However, the persistence of ethanol in the body is short lived and ethanol's metabolism and distribution within the body are extremely complex...

..Results suggest that starting smokers with 42 mg TNR may increase comfort during initial abstinence, but limited support is seen for naltrexone during smoking abstinence...

..While ondansetron and olanzapine show some efficacy in treating alcohol and cocaine dependence, more research is needed to better delineate the subpopulation in which these drugs may provide their maximum effect...

..The ultimate aim for this research is to determine whether this combination is safe and is superior to either drug taken alone in reducing alcohol use in alcohol dependent patients...

..Polymorphisms in the D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene and the mu-opiate receptor (OPRM1) gene, family history of alcohol problems, age of onset of alcoholism and gender were explored as potential moderators of NTX's effects...

..The promising results in terms of both safety and efficacy are reported. However, we also note the need of more methodologically controlled studies on a greater number of patients, involving more complicated forms of AWS...

..The aim of this study was to match and mismatch L/L, S/S, or S/L genotypes with administration of ondansetron and sertraline...

..In conclusion, the renin-aldosterone axis could play a role in craving in medium-term abstinent patients and thereby leading to the hypothesis that alcohol craving could be influenced by the fluid volume intake...

..Heavy drinking may increase blood glucose levels. Moreover, in alcohol-dependent subjects, glucose may play a putative role in alcohol preference...

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..Investigating this association in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients was the aim of this preliminary and exploratory study...

..The results indicate a potentially beneficial effect of 2.5 mg OLAN on tobacco withdrawal and urge to smoke. Combined 5HT/DA antagonists should be considered for future development of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation...

..While the manufacturer will not pursue approval of an indication for the treatment of alcohol dependence, the drug will soon be available generically, making it more affordable for a greater proportion of the public...

..These results indicate that smoking cue reactivity laboratory models may be useful for investigating potential smoking treatments for, or neurobiological contributions to, smoking behavior in smokers with schizophrenia...

..Greater emphasis, however, must be made to more clearly delineate this field of research, while moving toward more standardized typologies...

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..Further research is needed on possible effects with smokers motivated to quit smoking and on other methods of promoting smoking cessation among alcoholics...

..The neurobiological basis of alcohol dependence, established pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence, pharmacotherapies under investigation, and obstacles to treatment are discussed...

..The neurobiological basis of alcohol dependence, established pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence, pharmacotherapies under investigation, and obstacles to treatment are discussed...

..89) the odds of ever having had an HIV test compared to nonhazardous drinkers. Therefore public health interventions targeted at hazardous drinkers to increase the rate of HIV testing are suggested. The study's limitations are noted...

..These findings suggest that smokers with schizophrenia smoke more intensely than matched non-psychiatric smokers and that their smoking behavior is reliable when assessed under laboratory conditions...

..Although more research is needed, data available suggest that studying feeding-related pathways in alcohol dependence may have theoretic, biologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications...

..Trazodone is a commonly prescribed off-label for sleep disturbance in alcohol-dependent patients, but its safety and efficacy for this indication is unknown...

..Dopaminergic medications can have significant side effects. A better understanding of how dopamine affects the various aspects of addictive behavior may lead to more effective medications...

..This study extends findings on subjective intoxication, urge to drink, and their genetic bases from controlled laboratory to naturalistic settings...

..This study examined these candidate genes as moderators of the effects of NTX on cue-elicited urge to drink in non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers...

..S. Radloff, 1977). The findings suggest that alcoholic smokers with low depressive symptoms are more receptive to quitting smoking after sustained alcohol abstinence...

..Results suggest that terrorist events may lead to a greater likelihood of relapse for those in alcohol recovery. These effects may be ameliorated by public education and outreach...

..Imaging, and pharmacological studies have supported a role for dopaminergic structures in cue-elicited craving for tobacco...

..We sought to determine whether topiramate's antidrinking effects are bolstered by improvements in physical and psychosocial well-being...

..The findings indicated that olanzapine reduces craving for alcohol at baseline for both DRD4 S and DRD4 L individuals, but only reduces craving after exposure to alcohol cues and after a priming dose of alcohol for DRD4 L individuals...

..The serotonin type-3 antagonist, ondansetron, has shown promise in early-onset alcoholics but needs more extensive study...

..Results suggested that DRD4 L participants demonstrated significantly higher craving after consumption of alcohol as compared with the control beverage...

..Swift, MD, PhD; (4) A European Perspective on Medications Development, by Otto M. Lesch, MD, PhD, and (5) A Scandinavian Perspective on Evidence-Based Addiction Treatment, by Mats Berglund, MD...

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..Gastfriend; (5) System Challenges in the Adoption of Pharmacotherapy, by Robert M. Swift; and (6) Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Strengths, Challenges, and Future Directions, by Mark L. Willenbring...

..Johnson; (5) Evaluating the Risk of Benzodiazepine Prescription to Alcohol-Dependent Individuals, by Domenic A. Ciraulo; and (6) Safety and Efficacy of GABAergic Agents in Treating Alcoholics: Discussion, by Robert M. Swift...

..Alcohol is widely dispensed with few guidelines in this sample of acute-care hospitals. Additional research on therapeutic efficacy, consequences, and institutional oversight of alcohol in hospitals is needed...

..DiClemente; (5) Synopsis of promising medications to treat alcoholism, by Robert M. Swift; and (6) New knowledge on the development of antiepileptic medications for the treatment of alcoholism, by Robert J. Malcolm, Jr...

..The long term objectives of this research are to improve medications available for alcoholism treatment and inform research and theory on the mechanisms of action of such medications. ..

..However, each study site has provided site-specific information on the budget, budget justifications, listing of key personnel, consultant/consortium agreements, and human subjects sections of their respective proposals. ..

..Thus, the transcutaneous, flow-modulated, microneedle array-enhanced delivery of acamprosate is expected to increase up to 5-7 times its poor (11%) oral bioavailability, so that 55-80% of a dose is absorbed in a rat-model study. ..

..We will also utilize behavioral testing to assess the potential endophenotypes of sweet preference, risk taking, and cue-induced alcohol craving in the participants. ..

..The long term objectives of this research are to improve medications available for alcoholism treatment and inform research and theory on the mechanisms of action of such medications. ..

..The long term objectives of this research are to improve medications available for alcoholism treatment and inform research and theory on the mechanisms of action of such medications. ..