Julie R Palmer

..These findings suggest that the observed associations of breast cancer with SES may be largely mediated by reproductive factors that are associated with both estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and SES...

..Few GWAS hits have replicated in African ancestry populations...

..Thus, we sought to determine the prevalence of multivitamins, folic acid and herbal supplement usage in African American breast cancer survivors, and to compare the characteristics of users and nonusers...

..Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen widely prescribed to pregnant women during the 1940s70s, has been shown to cause reproductive problems in the daughters. Studies of prenatally-exposed males have yielded conflicting results...

..We assessed the relation of parity and lactation to incidence of ER(-)/PR(-) and ER(+)/PR(+) breast cancer in a cohort of African American women...

..The possibility that active cigarette smoking modifies this effect is also suggested...

..These results suggest that later full-term pregnancy and longer exposure to endogenous female hormones may be related to a reduced risk of sarcoidosis...

..US black women have higher rates of uterine leiomyomata (UL) and lower intakes of fruit and vegetables than do white women. Whether fruit and vegetable intake is associated with UL in black women has not been studied...

..16; 95% CI=0.97, 1.39). This study provides evidence that prenatal DES exposure was associated with fetal growth and gestational length, which may mediate associations between DES and health outcomes in later life...

..We successfully used the shorter range of LD in our AA sample to refine the localization of the putative causal variant...

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..92 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 1.04) comparing the exposed with the unexposed. In conclusion, prenatal DES exposure was not associated with a significant decrease in either fecundability or secondary sex ratio...

..Previous epidemiologic studies suggest that a high GL is a risk factor for endometrial and ovarian cancers, which, like UL, are hormone-responsive tumors...

..There is also uncertainty about optimal gestational weight gain among Black women...

..The findings support the hypothesis that prenatal hormone levels influence breast cancer risk...

..We assessed the association of UL with selected intrauterine and early life factors, expanding on previous research by using a prospective design and validated data on exposure and disease...

..Efforts to reduce the alarming rate of diabetes in African-American women must focus on both individual lifestyle changes and structural changes in disadvantaged neighborhoods...

..To investigate the association between prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure and risk of benign gynecologic tumors...

..Dutch investigators have reported a 20-fold increase in risk of hypospadias among sons of women who were exposed to DES in utero. We assessed this relation in data from an ongoing study of DES-exposed persons...

..These results suggest that contextual factors (at both the neighborhood and state level) play a role in Black women's smoking behaviors over and above individual characteristics...

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..The associations were most evident among BWHS participants who had graduated from college. These prospective data suggest that lower neighborhood SES contributes to overweight and obesity in African-American women...

..Because ER(-) tumors account for only 15% to 20% of breast cancers, large pooled analyses are necessary to evaluate precisely the suspected inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of ER(-) breast cancer...

..A cohort study was conducted to investigate whether prenatal DES exposure might influence the incidence of at least some specific autoimmune diseases in women...

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..Previous studies of carbohydrate quality and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus have yielded inconsistent findings. Because diet is in part culturally determined, a study of dietary factors in US black women is of interest...

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..These observational data suggest that black women might reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by increasing their time spent walking or engaged in vigorous physical activity and by limiting television watching...

..The limited data available on blacks indicate that the risk of death is increased only at very high levels of BMI (≥35.0)...

..We prospectively examined the association between selected anthropometric factors and colorectal polyps in African-American women...

..Previous studies have suggested an association between endocrine-disrupting compounds and secondary sex ratio...

..These results suggest that OC use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer diagnosed in recent years...

..Tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption may influence risk of uterine leiomyomata via changes in ovarian function or hormone metabolism...

..Numerous cross-sectional studies have found higher levels of obesity among residents of auto-oriented, sprawling areas compared to residents of more urban areas...

..We prospectively examined the relation of tea and coffee consumption to risk of breast cancer among 52,062 women aged 21-69 at enrollment in 1995 in the Black Women's Health Study...

..S. Although the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is an efficacious screening tool in the early detection of the disease, disparities are known to persist in the utilization of this procedure across socioeconomic groups...

..We evaluated the relation of in-utero DES exposure to the risk of adult breast cancer...

..We assessed associations of lifecourse SES, as indicated by educational status, with adult weight in African American women...

..Preliminary epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to the development of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..Epidemiologic studies have yet to provide consistent evidence to support a protective effect of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on the incidence of breast cancer...

..Numerous studies have reported inverse associations of coffee, tea, and alcohol intake with risk of type 2 diabetes, but none has reported results separately among African American women...

..98 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.39). These results suggest that hair relaxer use does not increase the incidence of breast cancer in African American women...

..We prospectively investigated the risk of self-reported uterine leiomyomata in relation to body mass index (BMI), weight change, height, waist and hip circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio in a large cohort of U.S black women...

..We estimated overall and age-specific incidence rates for self-reported uterine leiomyomata in a large cohort of African-American women in the United States...

..We carried out the first assessment of the effect of oral contraceptive use on the incidence of breast cancer classified by receptor status among African American women, a group disproportionately affected by ER(-) cancer...

..To explore whether differences in childbearing patterns can explain this observation, we assessed the relation of several childbearing variables to breast cancer risk in a large prospective cohort study of U.S. African-American women...

..Because linkage disequilibrium blocks are smaller in populations of African ancestry, fine-mapping in African ancestry samples might be an effective approach to narrowing the position of the causal variant(s) in the TOX3/LOC643714 locus...

..An inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and weight gain that has been shown in white populations is not evident in the few studies in African Americans, a population at high risk of obesity...

..Relatively little research has been conducted on familial breast cancer in African American women...

..Black women also report higher levels of racial discrimination. We evaluated the hypothesis that greater exposure to racism increases myoma risk in black women...

..7 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.5) for use of 4 or more years. Odds ratios were not elevated for any specific SSRI. These data provide some assurance that the use of SSRIs does not increase the risk of breast cancer...

..Age at menopause has been related, albeit inconsistently, to several exposures, but, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to suggest that a prenatal exposure may influence reproductive lifespan...

..We examined the relation between median housing value and hypertension risk among US Black women...

..In summary, we found four independent signals in the MHC region associated with risk of SLE in African American women...

..We replicated the rs2046210 association, after accounting for the haplotype background that included rs2046211 in African-American women, and we report the presence of a novel signal that is tagged by rs2046211...

..We assessed individual-level and group-level socioeconomic predictors of regular mammography use in a large cohort of African-American women...

..Breast tissue may respond differently from that of the reproductive tract to in utero DES exposure. Consequences of in utero DES exposure on the breast may be mediated by proliferative effects of estrogen...

..Obesity is more common in black women than in white women. Racial discrimination is a form of chronic stress that may influence weight...

..23 (0.93-1.62) and 1.63 (1.12-2.37), respectively. Our findings provide some support for an association between cardiometabolic factors and breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal U.S. black women...

..To investigate the association of physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence with risk of adult obesity among black women in the United States...

..To prospectively assess the influence of bearing a first, second, or later child on weight gain among African-American women in the context of other risk factors...

..No consistent patterns were observed for other forms of hormonal contraception. Reproductive history is an important determinant of leiomyomata risk in premenopausal US Black women. Progestin-only injectables may reduce risk...

..In conclusion, long-term regular use of NSAIDs was associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. The type of NSAID used or the hormone receptor status of the tumor did not modify the effect...

..Further, there has been little study of abortion and breast cancer in African-American women. We assessed the relation of abortion to risk of breast cancer in a prospective follow-up study of African-American women...

..Our data suggest an increased risk of breast cancer among African-American women who reported physical abuse in adulthood, but there was little evidence of a dose-response relation. These results require confirmation in other studies...

..We examined the association between childhood abuse and early menarche in a sample of US Black women...

..Type 2 diabetes is a major problem in Western nations. Profound secular changes in the food environment and eating habits may play a role. In particular, consumption of foods prepared outside the home has greatly increased...

..68, 0.89) for milk. Soy intake was unrelated to uterine leiomyomata risk. This large prospective study of black women provides the first epidemiologic evidence of reduced uterine leiomyomata risk associated with dairy consumption...

..Our aim was to assess the relation of female hormone use to incidence of breast cancer in black women, with attention to differences in effect according to body mass index...

..Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are largely unknown. Several studies have examined the relation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use to the risk of NHL, with inconsistent results...

..We examined the association of BMI, abdominal obesity, and weight gain with risk of type 2 diabetes...

..There are few data on this topic in black women, among whom the prevalence of obesity and asthma is high...

..The use of a Web questionnaire in the BWHS resulted in cost savings and more complete responses. Although there are advantages to using a Web questionnaire, the use of multiple means of soliciting questionnaire responses is still needed...

..To evaluate the association of self-reported type 2 diabetes, anthropometric factors, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking with risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a prospective cohort study of African-American women...

..Our objective was to examine the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women...

..To examine the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the risk of uterine leiomyomata (UL)...

..We investigated the influence of cimetidine use on the risk of breast cancer in our hospital-based case control surveillance study...

..In the United States, black women are most frequently and most severely affected. There have been few epidemiologic studies of sarcoidosis focusing on black women...

..0001). A set of 200 AIMs gave an almost perfect correlation with the entire set (r = 0.98; P < 0.0001). These results show that a small number of AIMs are sufficiently precise to estimate European admixture in African Americans...

..To assess whether hair-relaxer use is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth among African-American women...

..Despite inconsistencies in the data, these results strengthen the evidence that cigarette smoking may play a role in the development of mucinous ovarian cancer but not ovarian cancer of other cell types...

..Many studies have evaluated the association between vitamin and mineral supplement use and the risk of prostate cancer, with inconclusive results...

..The influence of physical activity on colorectal adenomas among African-American women is of particular interest because African-American women have an increased risk of colon cancer relative to other U.S. women...

..Unique experiences associated with "race," such as racism, may adversely affect health. Our goal is to assess whether racism is associated with the occurrence of hypertension in African-American women...

..0 in separate analyses of male, female, Black, and White subjects. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that smoking menthol cigarettes increases the risk of lung cancer relative to smoking nonmenthol cigarettes...

..Because racial discrimination might contribute to their excess of preterm births, we assessed experiences of racism in relation to preterm birth among African-American women...

..The purpose of the present study was to assess patterns and correlates of alcohol consumption among African-American women...

..This study assessed predictors of the onset of natural menopause in African American women...

..A growing body of evidence suggests that physical activity might reduce the risk of depressive symptoms, but there are limited data on Black women...

..Experimental evidence raises the possibility that acetaminophen use could reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). We assessed the relation of acetaminophen use, and also of aspirin use, to first MI in a case-control study...

..Outcomes of interest were within group participation rates, yield of DNA, and PCR success...

..The findings suggest that increased exposure to estrogen during the reproductive years may play a role in the development of pancreatic cancer in women. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings...

..In the present study, we assessed the relation of statin use to the risk of breast and prostate cancer in our hospital-based Case-Control Surveillance Study of Drugs and Serious Illnesses...

..We examined magnesium, calcium, and major food sources in relation to type 2 diabetes in African-American women...