Julie Palmer

..A multicenter case-control study of gestational trophoblastic tumors was undertaken to test this hypothesis...

..To explore whether differences in childbearing patterns can explain this observation, we assessed the relation of several childbearing variables to breast cancer risk in a large prospective cohort study of U.S. African-American women...

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..This study assessed predictors of the onset of natural menopause in African American women...

..Further, there has been little study of abortion and breast cancer in African-American women. We assessed the relation of abortion to risk of breast cancer in a prospective follow-up study of African-American women...

..Relatively little research has been conducted on familial breast cancer in African American women...

..We evaluated the relation of in-utero DES exposure to the risk of adult breast cancer...

..Dutch investigators have reported a 20-fold increase in risk of hypospadias among sons of women who were exposed to DES in utero. We assessed this relation in data from an ongoing study of DES-exposed persons...

..Our objective was to examine the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women...

..2, 4.6), respectively. The present findings indicate that diethylstilbestrol-exposed women have a higher risk of infertility than do unexposed women and that the increased risk of infertility is primarily due to uterine or tubal problems...

..There are few data on black women. We evaluated adult height in relation to breast cancer in data from the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 64,530 African-American women aged 18-69 years at baseline in 1995...

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..The findings support the hypothesis that prenatal hormone levels influence breast cancer risk...

..No consistent patterns were observed for other forms of hormonal contraception. Reproductive history is an important determinant of leiomyomata risk in premenopausal US Black women. Progestin-only injectables may reduce risk...

..Efforts to reduce the alarming rate of diabetes in African-American women must focus on both individual lifestyle changes and structural changes in disadvantaged neighborhoods...

..These observational data suggest that black women might reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by increasing their time spent walking or engaged in vigorous physical activity and by limiting television watching...

..The possibility that active cigarette smoking modifies this effect is also suggested...

..S. Although the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is an efficacious screening tool in the early detection of the disease, disparities are known to persist in the utilization of this procedure across socioeconomic groups...

..We successfully used the shorter range of LD in our AA sample to refine the localization of the putative causal variant...

..Tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption may influence risk of uterine leiomyomata via changes in ovarian function or hormone metabolism...

..These results suggest that contextual factors (at both the neighborhood and state level) play a role in Black women's smoking behaviors over and above individual characteristics...

..Breast tissue may respond differently from that of the reproductive tract to in utero DES exposure. Consequences of in utero DES exposure on the breast may be mediated by proliferative effects of estrogen...

..Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen widely prescribed to pregnant women during the 1940s70s, has been shown to cause reproductive problems in the daughters. Studies of prenatally-exposed males have yielded conflicting results...

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..Unique experiences associated with "race," such as racism, may adversely affect health. Our goal is to assess whether racism is associated with the occurrence of hypertension in African-American women...

..The influence of physical activity on colorectal adenomas among African-American women is of particular interest because African-American women have an increased risk of colon cancer relative to other U.S. women...

..To investigate the association between prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure and risk of benign gynecologic tumors...

..To prospectively assess the influence of bearing a first, second, or later child on weight gain among African-American women in the context of other risk factors...

..92 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 1.04) comparing the exposed with the unexposed. In conclusion, prenatal DES exposure was not associated with a significant decrease in either fecundability or secondary sex ratio...

..98 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.39). These results suggest that hair relaxer use does not increase the incidence of breast cancer in African American women...

..Previous studies have suggested an association between endocrine-disrupting compounds and secondary sex ratio...

..Black women also report higher levels of racial discrimination. We evaluated the hypothesis that greater exposure to racism increases myoma risk in black women...

..Previous studies of carbohydrate quality and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus have yielded inconsistent findings. Because diet is in part culturally determined, a study of dietary factors in US black women is of interest...

..There are few data on this topic in black women, among whom the prevalence of obesity and asthma is high...

..These results suggest that OC use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer diagnosed in recent years...

..The use of a Web questionnaire in the BWHS resulted in cost savings and more complete responses. Although there are advantages to using a Web questionnaire, the use of multiple means of soliciting questionnaire responses is still needed...

..Numerous studies have reported inverse associations of coffee, tea, and alcohol intake with risk of type 2 diabetes, but none has reported results separately among African American women...

..We prospectively examined the relation of tea and coffee consumption to risk of breast cancer among 52,062 women aged 21-69 at enrollment in 1995 in the Black Women's Health Study...

..We carried out the first assessment of the effect of oral contraceptive use on the incidence of breast cancer classified by receptor status among African American women, a group disproportionately affected by ER(-) cancer...

..In the United States, black women are most frequently and most severely affected. There have been few epidemiologic studies of sarcoidosis focusing on black women...

..Because linkage disequilibrium blocks are smaller in populations of African ancestry, fine-mapping in African ancestry samples might be an effective approach to narrowing the position of the causal variant(s) in the TOX3/LOC643714 locus...

..Previous epidemiologic studies suggest that a high GL is a risk factor for endometrial and ovarian cancers, which, like UL, are hormone-responsive tumors...

..68, 0.89) for milk. Soy intake was unrelated to uterine leiomyomata risk. This large prospective study of black women provides the first epidemiologic evidence of reduced uterine leiomyomata risk associated with dairy consumption...

..The findings suggest that increased exposure to estrogen during the reproductive years may play a role in the development of pancreatic cancer in women. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings...

..We examined the association between childhood abuse and early menarche in a sample of US Black women...

..Obesity is more common in black women than in white women. Racial discrimination is a form of chronic stress that may influence weight...

..Many studies have evaluated the association between vitamin and mineral supplement use and the risk of prostate cancer, with inconclusive results...

..0001). A set of 200 AIMs gave an almost perfect correlation with the entire set (r = 0.98; P < 0.0001). These results show that a small number of AIMs are sufficiently precise to estimate European admixture in African Americans...

..We estimated overall and age-specific incidence rates for self-reported uterine leiomyomata in a large cohort of African-American women in the United States...

..A growing body of evidence suggests that physical activity might reduce the risk of depressive symptoms, but there are limited data on Black women...

..0 in separate analyses of male, female, Black, and White subjects. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that smoking menthol cigarettes increases the risk of lung cancer relative to smoking nonmenthol cigarettes...

..Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are largely unknown. Several studies have examined the relation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use to the risk of NHL, with inconsistent results...

..We assessed individual-level and group-level socioeconomic predictors of regular mammography use in a large cohort of African-American women...

..To assess whether hair-relaxer use is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth among African-American women...

..Experimental evidence raises the possibility that acetaminophen use could reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). We assessed the relation of acetaminophen use, and also of aspirin use, to first MI in a case-control study...

..In conclusion, long-term regular use of NSAIDs was associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. The type of NSAID used or the hormone receptor status of the tumor did not modify the effect...

..Despite inconsistencies in the data, these results strengthen the evidence that cigarette smoking may play a role in the development of mucinous ovarian cancer but not ovarian cancer of other cell types...

..We investigated the influence of cimetidine use on the risk of breast cancer in our hospital-based case control surveillance study...

..The inverse association of alcohol consumption with SLE found in studies of prevalent disease may have resulted from women with SLE giving up drinking...

..The purpose of the present study was to assess patterns and correlates of alcohol consumption among African-American women...

..Age at menopause has been related, albeit inconsistently, to several exposures, but, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to suggest that a prenatal exposure may influence reproductive lifespan...

..Outcomes of interest were within group participation rates, yield of DNA, and PCR success...

..The associations were most evident among BWHS participants who had graduated from college. These prospective data suggest that lower neighborhood SES contributes to overweight and obesity in African-American women...

..To examine the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the risk of uterine leiomyomata (UL)...

..We examined the relation between median housing value and hypertension risk among US Black women...

..Because racial discrimination might contribute to their excess of preterm births, we assessed experiences of racism in relation to preterm birth among African-American women...

..16; 95% CI=0.97, 1.39). This study provides evidence that prenatal DES exposure was associated with fetal growth and gestational length, which may mediate associations between DES and health outcomes in later life...

..Numerous cross-sectional studies have found higher levels of obesity among residents of auto-oriented, sprawling areas compared to residents of more urban areas...

..There were non-significant increases for non-small cell types other than squamous, but there was no consistent pattern across duration of use. CONCLUSION: Our data do not support an increased risk of lung cancer among women who use ERT...

..42, P<.01); moderate (r=.26, P<.05); and vigorous activities (r=.41, P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: The BWHS PAQ is a useful measure of physical activity in the BWHS cohort and thus has utility in prospective epidemiologic research...

..In the present study, we assessed the relation of statin use to the risk of breast and prostate cancer in our hospital-based Case-Control Surveillance Study of Drugs and Serious Illnesses...

..The adverse effects of prenatal exposure on the genitourinary tract in men and the reproductive tract in women are well established, but the possible effects on psychosexual characteristics remain largely unknown...

..These findings suggest that perceived experiences of racism are associated with increased incidence of breast cancer among US Black women, particularly younger women...

..Given that the population is still young, continued follow-up is necessary to assess the overall carcinogenic impact of prenatal DES exposure...

..More importantly, the modified Gail Model (GM-B) does a worse job at predicting the development of breast cancer for blacks than the original model (GM)...

..To assess whether preeclampsia risk is elevated in pregnancies of diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed daughters...

..We examined the association of BMI, abdominal obesity, and weight gain with risk of type 2 diabetes...

..However, correlations among the other factors were weaker among older women. We conclude that four-factor structure of the CES-D is supported for African American women, but the relationships among the factors vary with age...

..We examined magnesium, calcium, and major food sources in relation to type 2 diabetes in African-American women...

..Specifically, these studies show an elevated incidence of reproductive tumors in the female offspring of prenatally-exposed mice...

..We prospectively examined the association between selected anthropometric factors and colorectal polyps in African-American women...

..Our aim was to assess the relation of female hormone use to incidence of breast cancer in black women, with attention to differences in effect according to body mass index...

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..7 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.5) for use of 4 or more years. Odds ratios were not elevated for any specific SSRI. These data provide some assurance that the use of SSRIs does not increase the risk of breast cancer...

..We prospectively investigated the risk of self-reported uterine leiomyomata in relation to body mass index (BMI), weight change, height, waist and hip circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio in a large cohort of U.S black women...

..More than 64,000 women are enrolled in the BWHS cohort. This study assessed the relative validity of the 68-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the BWHS baseline questionnaire...

..The BWHS will provide the largest source of data on gene-environment interactions in black women, and will contribute substantially to the data available on young women of any race. ..

..Because the follow-up and data collection are funded by another grant, the proposed large study of modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes can be carried out at a relatively modest cost. ..