Allen A Mitchell

..0; 95% CI: 1.1, 8.1]. Because this is the first paper (to our knowledge) to explore dGI and dGL in relation to a spectrum of birth defects, additional studies are needed...

..Together with selected demographic characteristics that differentiate early- vs. late-onset NVP, these findings warrant further investigation...

..The objective of the study was to define the characteristics and microbiology of persistent diarrhea (PD) in US children...

..To identify primary care physicians' familiarity with the 2004 acute otitis media (AOM) clinical practice guideline and to compare their practices with its recommendations...

..We sought to determine the tolerability and acceptability in young children of oral xylitol solution at doses of 5g three times-a-day (TID) and 7.5g once daily (QD)...

..The characteristics and microbiology of the full spectrum of pediatric diarrhea occurring in the U.S. community setting are not well-understood...

..It is also unknown whether the fetal genotype is relevant, or whether folic acid supplementation modifies this association...

..To estimate whether use of alternative drugs to treat menopausal symptoms (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], soy) has increased...

..We assessed the validity of parents' reports of their children's acute otitis media (AOM) history over the previous month in a pilot study of xylitol for AOM prevention...

..The risk of birth defects after antenatal exposure to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remains controversial...

..We sought to describe primary care physicians' current management of acute otitis media to compare it with the guideline's recommendations and describe trends since 2004...

..Asthma is among the most common serious medical problems in pregnancy, and its prevalence may be increasing. Management is problematic because asthma may harm the fetus, yet little is known about fetal risks of asthma medications...

..Despite the frequent intake of decongestants during pregnancy, only one study to date has evaluated the association of decongestants with preterm delivery, and it identified a reduced risk. We examined this association in more detail...

..Interest in herbal treatments has increased without data on safety, efficacy, or rates of use in pregnancy. We examined antenatal herbal and natural product use among mothers of nonmalformed infants in 5 geographic centers...

..0); for high DGL, it was 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 4.0). Diets with proportionally high DGI or DGL may put the developing fetus at risk of an NTD, adding further evidence that hyperglycemia lies within the pathogenic pathway...

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..We sought to describe the prevalence and patterns of pseudoephedrine use among US children and to assess any change since the 2005 law took effect...

..We sought to describe the prevalence and patterns of pediatric use of cough and cold medications, with particular attention to use among young children...

..3 million US adults are taking opioids regularly in any given week. Information on the prevalence and characteristics of use is important as opioids are one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs in the US...

..Examples of case-control studies and their contributions to the field are presented. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..The benefits of herbal and other natural products (dietary supplements) are increasingly cited in the media. Dramatic increases in use reported during the last decade have led to growing concerns about efficacy and safety...

..Little is known about risk factors for either ARS or BWC, except that maternal age has been shown to affect risk inversely...

..To describe sleep positions among low birth weight infants, variations in sleep position according to birth weight, and changes in sleep position over time. To analyze risk factors and influences associated with prone sleep...

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..55 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.79). This finding suggests that folic acid-containing multivitamins may reduce the risk of gestational hypertension...

..The present study examined risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia associated with combined exposure to vasoconstrictive drugs and cigarette smoking...

..9 (95% CI: 1.2, 7.2), but it requires controls. In the presence of gestational time trends of exposure, the new designs do not offer clear advantages over the case-control design...

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..Several risk factors have been associated with OM, but the relationship between OM and race/ethnicity remains controversial. We sought to define the relationship between OM diagnosis and race/ethnicity in infants...

..To test the hypothesis that short-term use of ibuprofen increases asthma morbidity in children...

..To assess the feasibility of recruiting subjects for follow-up studies of drug exposures using pharmacy records but without involving dispensing pharmacists...

..To identify demographic and reproductive risk factors for hemifacial microsomia in offspring...

..Although pseudoephedrine has previously been shown to increase gastroschisis risk, findings of this study raise questions about interactions between medications and possible confounding by underlying illness...

..We collected data in a case-control study to identify whether vasoactive exposures or vascular events during early pregnancy affect the risk of HFM...

..Data on the range of prescription and over-the-counter drug use in the United States are not available...

..We used data collected from a case-control study of HFM to estimate risk in relation to parental military service and, in particular, Gulf War service...

..We performed a case-control study to determine possible antenatal and perinatal predictors of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn...

..However, the sensitivity of this algorithm is lower for preterm deliveries, suggesting limited validity to assess drug safety for pregnancy outcomes associated with prematurity...

..This study examined whether first-trimester antifungal drug use was associated with the risk of selected birth defects...

..The prevalence of use was lowest among African Americans, with a possible decline in recent years, whereas Hispanics take the greatest number of products...

..These findings did not change when we considered possible modifying effects of vitamin supplement use. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support an association between oral clefts and a low level of alcohol consumption...

..Our objectives were to investigate whether first-trimester FA use protects against heart anomalies among DS children...

..We performed a case-control study to assess whether PPHN is associated with exposure to SSRIs during late pregnancy...

..We describe the patterns of over-the-counter medication use among pregnant women...

..To investigate the association between infertility treatments and gestational hypertension and preeclampsia...

..The purpose of this study was to describe recent trends in folic acid awareness and use in the periconceptional period among pregnant women in relation to maternal sociodemographic and other relevant factors...

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..On multivariate analysis, race/ethnicity and breastfeeding seemed to have the strongest association with bed sharing. These factors need to be considered in any comprehensive risk to benefit analysis of bed sharing...

..65 (95% confidence interval: 0.46, 0.94) should be used because the adjusted odds ratio is invalid. Causal diagrams are used to encode qualitative a priori subject matter knowledge...

..The objective of the current study was to examine the association between maternal body mass index and the risk of a CDH-affected offspring based on a larger number of cases of CDH...

..Epidemiologic studies have yielded mixed results, but such studies have grouped etiologically different defects and have not evaluated effect modification...

..The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between high blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and severe hypospadias...