Sonia Hernandez-Diaz

..We evaluated whether the folic acid component of multivitamins is responsible for the reduction in risk by examining the associations between maternal use of folic acid antagonists and these congenital malformations...

..These findings suggest that a number of FAAs may increase NTD risk, and they provide estimates of risk for selected drugs...

..It is also unknown whether the fetal genotype is relevant, or whether folic acid supplementation modifies this association...

..55 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.79). This finding suggests that folic acid-containing multivitamins may reduce the risk of gestational hypertension...

..9 (95% CI: 1.2, 7.2), but it requires controls. In the presence of gestational time trends of exposure, the new designs do not offer clear advantages over the case-control design...

..The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of monotherapy topiramate in pregnancy and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) in the offspring...

..Imperfect recall of exposure timing challenges the ascertainment of medications in interview-based studies...

..64; 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.18). The methods described here are also applicable to observational studies with time-varying treatments...

..Prior studies have suggested an increased risk of oral clefts after exposure to amoxicillin in early pregnancy, but findings have been inconsistent...

..Asthma is among the most common serious medical problems in pregnancy, and its prevalence may be increasing. Management is problematic because asthma may harm the fetus, yet little is known about fetal risks of asthma medications...

..The associations between prenatal exposure to antidepressants and preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction are controversial and poorly understood. We studied the relation between antidepressant use and these outcomes...

..The risk of birth defects after antenatal exposure to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remains controversial...

..Several medications are used for the treatment of NVP; however, data are limited on their possible associations with birth defects...

..65 (95% confidence interval: 0.46, 0.94) should be used because the adjusted odds ratio is invalid. Causal diagrams are used to encode qualitative a priori subject matter knowledge...

..We used case-crossover, case-time-control, and bidirectional case-crossover designs to supplement findings from a case-control study of maternal smoking and oral clefts among offspring in a large birth registry...

..An appropriate justification for conditioning on birth weight requires specifying 1) the causal question motivating this analytical approach and 2) the assumptions regarding the proposed underlying biologic mechanisms...

..To examine the epidemiology of hypertension in women of reproductive age...

..Limited evidence suggests that particularly high exposure levels may result from orally ingested medicinal products containing phthalates as excipients (inactive ingredients)...

..We furthermore show these tests for mechanistic interaction can be extended to scenarios in which the genetic and environmental factors are negatively associated in the population rather than independent...

..To investigate the association between infertility treatments and gestational hypertension and preeclampsia...

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..The purpose of this study was to describe recent trends in folic acid awareness and use in the periconceptional period among pregnant women in relation to maternal sociodemographic and other relevant factors...

..Because folate intake can reduce homocysteine levels, we investigated the association between dietary folate intake and nonfatal myocardial infarction...

..34) for aspirin. In conclusion, prescription of non-aspirin NSAIDs for at least 1 year might be associated with a slightly reduced risk of lung cancer. Aspirin was not associated with a risk reduction, perhaps due to residual confounding...

..24) for TCA monotherapy. Study results suggest that women who use antidepressants during pregnancy, especially SNRIs and TCAs, have an elevated risk of preeclampsia. These associations may reflect drug effects or more severe depression...

..To characterize therapies prescribed during pregnancy to women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia...

..However, the sensitivity of this algorithm is lower for preterm deliveries, suggesting limited validity to assess drug safety for pregnancy outcomes associated with prematurity...

..Our objectives were to investigate whether first-trimester FA use protects against heart anomalies among DS children...

..The objective of the study was to provide information on overall medication use throughout pregnancy, with particular focus on the first trimester and specific prescription medications...

..There was a suggestion of a small increased risk with ibuprofen. Also, data suggest a small reduced risk for naproxen present only in non-users of aspirin, mainly people free of clinically apparent vascular disease...

..This classification also leads to a unified approach to adjust for selection bias...

..Therefore, we sought to develop and validate algorithms to estimate the gestational age at birth using information available in these databases...

..To evaluate the association between the use of medications potentially containing phthalates and urinary concentrations of specific phthalate metabolites around conception...

..We sought to assess the association between maternal use of erythromycin and nonerythromycin macrolides and the risks of CHD and PS...

..1%) in the third trimester. Antihypertensive use during pregnancy is relatively common and increasing. The wide range of agents used during pregnancy includes medications considered contraindicated during pregnancy...

..To determine the frequency of malformations among infants born to women who had taken lamotrigine or carbamazepine as part of polytherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy...

..We investigated the effect of different prevention strategies against upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in the general population and in patients on antithrombotic or anti-inflammatory treatments...

..Incidence rate (IR) estimates for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) vary widely among studies. We conducted a systematic review to quantify and examine the discrepancies...

..To conduct a systematic review on the association between tetanus vaccination and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS)...

..Together with selected demographic characteristics that differentiate early- vs. late-onset NVP, these findings warrant further investigation...

..This study was designed to test the hypothesis that risk for PPHN is increased after antenatal exposure to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with particular emphasis on late gestational exposures...

..Overall, the incidence rate of serious upper gastrointestinal complications was in the order of 1 per 1,000 person-years among nonusers of prescription NSAIDs...

..To evaluate the effect of antidepressant use on lung cancer risk...

..We describe the patterns of over-the-counter medication use among pregnant women...

..To investigate whether pre-eclampsia is more common in first pregnancies solely because fewer affected women, who presumably have a higher risk of recurrence, go on to have subsequent pregnancies...

..We assessed the PPV of diagnosis codes in THIN, a primary-care medical-record database, to ascertain individuals with uncomplicated PU, and to identify UGIC and Helicobacter pylori infection status (HPIS) among these patients...

..Estrogen plus progestin therapy increases the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women. However, this increased risk might be limited to the first years of use and to women who start therapy late in menopause...

..Evidence on the association between antibiotic use and combined oral contraceptive (COC) failure is controversial. We examined the effect of concomitant antibiotic treatment on the risk of breakthrough pregnancy among COC users...

..Taken together, these two approaches can facilitate discussion of underlying biological mechanisms...

..To summarize current evidence on statin use and fracture risk and to explore potential sources of heterogeneity among study results...

..Current evidence is insufficient to support or refute a carcinogenic effect of antibiotics...

..R. per 5 point increase:0.91; C.I.:[0.85, 0.98]) and good baseline adherence self-efficacy (O.R.:0.25; C.I.:[0.09, 0.69]). Interventions that ensure food security for HIV-infected individuals may help sustain high levels of adherence...

..Larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the questions that have been raised...

..We sought to define the prevalence, trends, and outcomes of primary and secondary chronic hypertension in a population-based sample of deliveries...

..The intention-to-treat comparison is the primary, if not the only, analytic approach of many randomized clinical trials...

..Underappreciated sources of exposure include phthalates in the polymers coating some oral medications...

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..We performed a case-control study to determine possible antenatal and perinatal predictors of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn...