RALPH B D'AGOSTINO

..There are both useful and negative aspects of this application, and caution is advised against a too enthusiastic acceptance of it to evaluate prediction rules for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease...

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..We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SCA measurements in the community-based Framingham Heart Study...

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..Prior investigations have reported several single gene variants associated with CHD, stroke, HF, and AF. We report a community-based genome-wide association study of major CVD outcomes...

..We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) and linkage analysis exploring the genetic basis of these endophenotypes in a community-based sample...

..Genome-wide association is a promising approach to map genetic loci related to these heritable phenotypes...

..Family studies and heritability estimates provide evidence for a genetic contribution to variation in the human life span...

..Serious consideration to expansions of and alternatives to non-inferiority trials are needed...

..Concern exists regarding whether these functions can be generalized to other populations...

..We close with a brief discussion of the unit of analysis, the role of newer statistical analysis methods, safety issues, subset analysis, and, most importantly, clinical significance...

..Clinical trials have not consistently shown these benefits, possibly due to delayed administration...

..Prior research has suggested that delay or avoidance of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors plays an important role in longevity...

..For CCA-IMT, no significant trends were observed in any of the analyses. The segment-specific association between elevated tHcy level and ICA/bulb-IMT suggests an association between tHcy and plaque formation...

..Hence, we related a panel of biomarkers representing these pathways to plasma markers of collagen metabolism in a large community-based sample...

..We tested the association of the adipokines resistin and adiponectin with incident heart failure...

..The interaction does not appear to be mediated through effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol...

..Metabolic risk conferred by adiposity may be due to associated risk factor clustering...

..Women who stopped smoking over follow-up and had poor diet quality gained the most weight. Preventive interventions need to be sex-specific and consider lifestyle factors...

..To determine the independent effects of obesity on cognitive performance and to examine interactions between obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)...

..09-1.77). We conclude that in this community-based sample, plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction increased risk of incident diabetes independent of other diabetes risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation...

..We conclude that, in a representative community sample, measures of TNFalpha activity are associated with insulin resistance, even after accounting for central adiposity and other adipose tissue biomarkers...

..We studied the relationship between ALT levels and these disorders in a long-term follow-up study...

..Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels have been associated with increased risk of dementia and stroke, but it is uncertain whether the mediating mechanisms are predominantly cellular, vascular, or both...

..Essential in this task is the evaluation of methods to accurately identify these unique dietary patterns...

..Diet is recognized as a key factor in the cause and management of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, policies to guide preventive clinical nutrition interventions of the condition are limited...

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..The Higher Fat and Wine and Moderate Eating patterns showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity; certain foods might be targeted in these habitual patterns to achieve optimal dietary patterns for MetS prevention...

..Finally, the use of this unique sample to study genotype and environment interactions is described...

..We tested the hypothesis that knowledge of these loci allows better prediction of risk than knowledge of common phenotypic risk factors alone...

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..8% and 17.7% depending on age, ethnicity, presence of comorbidities, and imaging techniques. We document the prevalence and risk factors associated with SCI at midlife in the community-based Framingham sample...

..The present report presents a single multivariable risk function that predicts risk of developing all CVD and of its constituents...

..This finding suggests that overall diet quality be considered a key component in planning and implementing programmes for obesity risk reduction and treatment recommendations...

..APOA5 variants were associated with CCA IMT, particularly in obese participants. The mechanism of these associations and the effect modification by obesity are independent of fasting triglyceride levels...

..Intima-media thickness of the walls of the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery may add to the Framingham risk score for predicting cardiovascular events...

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..We tested the hypothesis that dietary quality, measured by adherence to the Dietary Guidelines, was related to weight change in adults...

..We examined whether A1C was associated with age in nondiabetic subjects and in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in two population-based cohorts...

..Early preventive interventions may be important, because the inverse association between tHcy and cognitive performance is observed beyond middle age...

..Clustering of risk factors at younger ages and increasing life expectancy suggest the need for longer-term risk prediction tools...

..The observation that high vitamin K status was associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers suggests that a possible protective role for vitamin K in inflammation merits further investigation...

..To examine whether midlife cardiovascular risk factors predict survival and survival free of major comorbidities to the age of 85...

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..Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may be associated with insulin resistance...

..Adipose tissue-derived adipokines may contribute to insulin resistance...

..These data suggest that impaired cholesterol homeostasis, reflected by lower synthesis and higher absorption marker concentrations, are highly significant independent predictors of prevalent CVD in this study population...

..To test if knowledge of type 2 diabetes genetic variants improves disease prediction...

..Smoking cessation reduces the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but weight gain that follows quitting smoking may weaken the CVD benefit of quitting...

..The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the relative contribution of CHD to increased mortality in schizophrenia patients are not clear, despite recent concerns about metabolic complications of certain atypical antipsychotics...

..Alcohol intake has been associated with lower platelet activity; however, few large-scale studies have included women, and to our knowledge, the relationship of alcohol intake with measures of platelet activation has not been studied...

..A trial of GIK used in the very first hours of ischemia has been needed, consistent with the timing of benefit seen in experimental studies...

..The association provides evidence suggestive of a biologic pathway by which socioeconomic position may predispose to coronary heart disease...

..The goal of this study was to compare internal carotid artery (ICA) intima-media thickness (IMT) with common carotid artery (CCA) IMT as global markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..Previous studies have suggested a positive association between phenotypes of fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) gene (also known as Lewis gene) and coronary heart disease...

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..We suggest researchers report which C statistic they are using, provide a rationale for their selection, and be aware that comparing different indices across studies may not be meaningful...

..Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is a marker of cardiovascular disease associated with incident stroke. We studied whether IMT rate of change is associated with stroke...

..Efficient detection of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is needed to implement type 2 diabetes prevention interventions...

..Mobility limitation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The relationship between circulating testosterone and mobility limitation and physical performance is incompletely understood...

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..These findings suggest that continued surveillance of each generation is necessary to document the impact that unique social and economic variables have on cognitive function. Here, the authors provide updated normative data...

..To identify the dietary patterns of adult men and examine their relationships with nutrient intake and chronic disease risk over long-term follow-up...

..Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of atherosclerosis, varies between peak systole and end-diastole. This difference might affect cardiovascular risk assessment...

..In conclusion, our data indicate little association between long-term moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of AF, but a significantly increased risk of AF among subjects consuming >36 g/day (approximatively >3 drinks/day)...

..S. By any criteria, subjects with the metabolic syndrome are more insulin resistant and at increased predicted risk for CHD versus those without the metabolic syndrome...

..Our theoretical developments are illustrated with an example based on the Framingham Heart Study risk assessment model for high-risk men in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease...

..03), whereas wine (P(trend) =.7) and spirit (P(trend) =.2) consumption were not. Our data suggest that total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption are not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer...

..We illustrate the use of these measures with an example from the Framingham Heart Study. We propose that scientists consider these types of measures in addition to the AUC when assessing the performance of newer biomarkers...

..03). Further study of the linkage region and exploration of other variants in PLAGL1 are warranted to define the potential functional variants of HDL-C metabolism...

..Reporting of standard metrics, including measures of relative risk and the c statistic, is still recommended. These concepts are illustrated with a risk prediction example using data from the Framingham Heart Study...

..These findings are supported by four practical examples from the Framingham Heart Study...

..We recommend that researchers clearly define and justify the choices they make when choosing NRI for their application...

..The system is also readily available to patients who can easily estimate their own coronary heart disease risk and monitor this risk over time...

..73). We investigated heritability of WMH in a family-based sample of the Framingham Heart Study for sex differences and the impact of age...

..However, our practical example from the Framingham Heart Study data suggests that the finding might be sensitive to the assumption of normality...

..We hypothesized that inflammatory biomarkers would be associated with neuroimaging markers of ischemia (i.e., white matter hyperintensities [WMH]) and AD (i.e., total brain volume [TCB])...

..We provide a large sample approximation to the distribution of this estimator for making inferences about the concordance measure. Results from numerical studies suggest that the new procedure performs well in finite sample...

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..The relation between diet and stenosis is relatively unexplored, particularly in women...

..To assess the genetic and nongenetic correlates of circulating measures of vitamins K and D status in a community-based sample of men and women...

..Moderate alcohol consumers have lower rates of cardiovascular disease than abstainers. One proposed mechanism is a beneficial effect on hemostatic parameters, but previous studies have provided conflicting results...

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