T Rowland

..Similarly, optimal means of behavioural modification in young persons that will initiate exercise habits early in life need to be better defined...

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..This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of these technologies in light of the current understanding of the role of myocardial contractile function in response to a bout of progressive dynamic exercise...

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..Failure of stroke volume to rise during a progressive simulated swim test is consistent with a model of peripheral facilitation of circulatory responses to exercise...

..Observations in subjects with altered circulatory dynamics during exercise (patients with cardiac disease, highly trained endurance athletes) can be understood within the context of this physiological model...

..This study also suggests that such patterns are no different in prepubertal boys and young adult men...

..This review provides an evidence-based line of reasoning that supports this concept...

..This study compared cardiovascular responses to progressive cycle exercise in 12 adolescent soccer players and 10 untrained boys with assessment of ventricular inotropic and relaxation properties by Doppler ultrasound techniques...

..However, it is not clear whether this might reflect superior upstream (atrial pressure/volume) or downstream (ventricular diastolic function, compliance) factors...

..4+/-2.5mm per BSA(0.5)). This study indicated that when training volume as well as body size and composition are considered, male endurance athletes exhibit greater cardiac dimensions and mass compared to their female counterparts...

..These findings indicated acceptable levels of reproducibility of Doppler ultrasound techniques for assessing ventricular systolic and diastolic functional response to maximal exercise in young lean male subjects...

..Ventricular systolic functional response to exercise has been reported to be superior in adult men compared to women. This study explored myocardial responses to maximal upright progressive exercise in late pubertal males and females...

..This chapter examines the aetiologies of sudden cardiac death in young athletes as well as the controversies surrounding the prevention of these tragedies...

..This study suggests that among healthy adolescent females, like young males, myocardial systolic and diastolic functional capacities do not contribute to inter-individual variability in physiologic aerobic fitness...

..Since children may lack motivation for proper fluid intake behaviours, the responsibility falls to coaches and parents to assure that young athletes receive appropriate hydration during and after exercise bouts...

..Greater insight into this issue may come from a better understanding of the electrical responses to both acute bouts of exercise and chronic training in young athletes...

..This study failed to demonstrate evidence for significant time-of-day variation in Vo(2)max or cardiac function during standard progressive exercise testing in adolescent males...

..These findings imply that no maturational differences exist in thermal balance or endurance performance during exercise in the heat, nor that child athletes are more vulnerable to heat injury...

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..This study was conducted to assess diastolic filling dynamics of the left ventricle during progressive upright cycle exercise in children...

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..Estimates of both construct and concurrent validity suggest that the overall error may be small. Test-retest studies have indicated a high level of reliability with this technique...

..To assess cardiac responses to exercise and cardiac functional capacity in moderately obese adolescent females...

..To examine cardiac responses and indicators of myocardial function during maximal exercise in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa...

..The mechanisms governing cardiac responses to exercise when supine and upright are otherwise identical...

..Efforts to understand the limiting factors for physiologic aerobic fitness are thus more appropriately directed toward characterizing these peripheral determinants of blood flow...

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..This implies that performance of peripheral determinants of circulatory responses to exercise is not affected by biological maturation...

..This fall would be more likely due to increases in body fat in youth, inflating the size-normalizing factor ('per kg'), rather than a temporal deterioration in cardiovascular function per se...

..These findings support the concept that rises in core temperature and/or brain perception (RPE) rather than circulatory insufficiency may be the critical factors defining limits to exercise in the heat...

..These findings suggest that (1) cardiovascular responses to static leg extension in boys are similar to those in adult men, and (2) isometric leg extension triggers modest increases in both systolic and diastolic function...

..This review examines the etiology and evaluation of these symptoms in young athletes...

..To determine the magnitude of the effects of pectus excavatum deformity on endurance fitness and cardiorespiratory functional reserve in adolescent boys...

..However, this model is unlikely to reflect hemodynamics during exercise, since skeletal muscle contractions impede arterial inflow but augment systemic venous return by increasing the arterial-venous pressure gradient...

..Cardiac function has not been evaluated during exercise in AP. The purpose of this study was to assess exercise tolerance, left ventricular (LV) function, and hemodynamics during progressive exercise...