Mark Williams

..Efforts should be made in future studies to better capture the complexities of concurrent partnering and to examine the implications of these for disease spread and control...

..Brief interventions to reduce the HIV risks are acceptable to MSWs and are efficacious for reducing unprotected anal sex during paid sexual encounters...

..Despite differences in sociodemographic, drug use, and sexual behaviors by gender, both male and female injectors in Dar es Salaam exhibit elevated risk of HIV infection associated with drug use...

..Situational self-efficacy and outcome expectations had weaker, yet significant, effects on women's intentions. Given the strong effect of personal norms on men's intentions to use condoms, further research should be undertaken...

..Interest in the module was greatest if it was encountered last. Results indicate that rural MSM are willing to enroll in and complete an Internet-delivered HIV/AIDS risk reduction intervention...

..The factors associated with increased risk of HIV infection suggest further research is needed on the needle use and sexual networks of IDUs...

..11, p < or = 0.05), and codeine (syrup) use (OR = 8.10, p < or = 0.05). These findings are important in determining the "cultural novelties" relative to crack and fry use among younger African Americans...

..These findings are important in determining the "cultural novelties" relative to crack and codeine use among younger African Americans...

..There were no significant differences between the two groups on either depression or anxiety, but the New Orleans sample scored higher on the self-esteem scale and scored slightly lower on the risk-taking scale...

..Hepatitis B vaccine provides a model for improving uptake and completion of multidose vaccinations in the drug-using community...

..The HI exercise RQ was significantly higher than LI. These findings demonstrated higher 24-h EE in the HI than LI protocol, but similar 24-h substrate oxidation rates...

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..To examine the association between condom use and frequency of sex across sexual partner types...

..These differences suggest that interventions should address self-esteem, risk-taking practices, depression and anxiety as well as other psychosocial factors...

..In the past 30 days they reported an average of 56 male partners and 5 female partners. Of the 179 men, 152 had been tested for HIV and knew their status. Twenty-six percent of those tested had tested positive...

..Data suggest that health beliefs may vary across type of adherence and that adherence behaviours may be a coping strategy to adjust antiretroviral therapy to one's daily living...

..Little is known about these participants' own views regarding payment for research participation...

..There is a discrepancy between self-reported sexual identity and sexual behavior. The magnitude of this discrepancy is unclear, as is its variation across race/ethnicity and gender...

..These data confirm that heroin injecting is well established in large cities in east Africa, and that HIV prevention in the region must now include drug injectors and other drug users...

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..These data suggest that drug users generally, and crack-using populations in particular, in drug treatment programmes should be routinely screened for STIs as an integral part of drug treatment...

..These data suggest that relatively brief situationally focused individual interventions are effective in military and West African contexts in reducing HIV/STD risk behaviors...

..Drug-using male sex workers (DUMSWs) are known to have large numbers of drug injection and sex partners...

..This type of evaluation is a cost-effective method that can be used to develop effective interventions and obtain community buy-in...

..Participants said they would participate again. This RCT provides support for the acceptability and efficacy of the Internet for delivering HIV prevention messages to rural MSM...

..The Sitpres methodology was successfully used by these crack users and data indicated that it was sexual variables, rather than drug-associated variables, that were significantly associated with condom use...

..Geographic distance is an indicator of recent adoption of IDU in neighborhoods and correlates strongly with the distribution of syringes containing HIV-positive blood residue...

..The inconsistent condom use by these HIV+ individuals threatens the progress that has been made to stem the epidemic...

..The incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS is increasing among rural men who have sex with men (MSM). Yet little is known about the social/ sexual environment of rural frontier areas...

..Despite the small sample size, this study found that many drug-using MSWs spatially bridge sexual networks in cities where they trade sex for money...

..These data suggest that racial/ethnic targeting of condom use is likely to be most efficacious in increasing condom use in men...

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..The findings support the belief held by professionals in the criminal justice field that a significant number of incarcerated males may have been victims of sexual abuse...

..Highest rates of risk behaviors were associated with Internet dating and venues in which immediate sexual encounters typically occur, suggesting that prevention in rural areas should target multiple-risk environments...

..To improve adherence to dose and schedule instructions, clinicians caring for patients with HIV should assess and treat anxiety and be alert to HIV-related PTSD symptoms...

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..Outcomes of interest will be condom use, condom use self-efficacy beliefs, and the motivational and normative factors that have an impact on self-efficacy beliefs. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..About one-third of newly infected African Americans are women. The disease in the African American community is directly and indirectly linked to the crack cocaine epidemic. ..