A C Swann

..5 mg/kg cocaine and failed to respond significantly to the 15 mg/kg cocaine dose. The results of this study indicate that chronic cocaine exposure during adolescence alters the same rats' responses to cocaine during their adulthood...

..Mixed states may differ in important clinical characteristics from other manic episodes. However, it has not been established whether mixed states are a distinct type of episodes, or a common basic structure exists across manic episodes...

..Laboratory measurements of impulsivity correlated with a BIS-11 score or severity of manic symptoms. Impulsivity in bipolar disorder may have both stable and state-dependent aspects...

..We investigated the structure of manic episodes by determining whether there was evidence for distinct groups of patients differing in clinical characteristics and course of illness...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and severity of past suicidal behavior, a potential predictor of eventual suicide, in patients with bipolar disorder...

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..Impulsivity is prominent in both, but there is little information on how specific mechanisms of impulsivity differentiate, bridge, or underlie the disorders...

..We investigated relationships among impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder symptoms, substance use disorder, course of illness, and history of criminal behavior in bipolar disorder...

..This paper reviews studies integrating behavioral and physiological mechanisms in impulsivity and their role in severity and course of bipolar and related disorders...

..Successful long-term treatment of bipolar disorder requires integrated pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments combined with a therapeutic alliance that facilitates a proactive, preventive approach to the illness...

..Manic episodes must be viewed in the context of the life course of bipolar disorder...

..Impulsivity is prominent in bipolar disorder, but there is little quantitative information relating it to phase of illness...

..Studies of potential treatments for bipolar substance-use disorder have paid scant attention to the combined disorders. The most promising treatment strategies are those that address their shared mechanisms...

..Psychosis is a prominent characteristic of manic episodes. We investigated relationships between the presence of psychotic features, the severity of the manic syndrome, and syndrome severity's response to treatment...

..Drugs acting on nicotine receptors may deserve further attention. Nonpharmacologic measures include behavioral techniques aimed at reducing impulsivity, relapse prevention techniques for substance abuse, and anger management techniques...

..Substance abuse is present in most patients with bipolar disorder and associated with poor treatment outcome and increased risk of suicide. Increased impulsivity may be a link between bipolar disorder and substance abuse...

..We investigated trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with respect to severity and course of illness...

..Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of manic symptoms and their relationships to impulsivity and clinical characteristics in patients with bipolar depressive episodes...

..We investigated these models in terms of the diagnosis and severity of antisocial personality disorder...

..In general, anticonvulsants are well tolerated and their effectiveness greatly outweighs risk or annoyance from side effects, but side effects must be kept in mind when choosing and monitoring treatment...

..We measured two complementary aspects of response inhibition: attention-based and reward-based...

..Impulsivity is a complex construct, and it may be related differently to depression and to mania...

..We have investigated relationships between trait-like impulsivity, measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and demographic and illness-course characteristics of bipolar disorder...

..This study compared the efficacy of divalproex, lithium, and placebo as prophylactic therapy...

..The authors discuss the relationship of impulsivity to psychiatric disorders and present selected hypotheses regarding the reasons for these relationships...

..These data suggest that GABA and norepinephrine may be related to different aspects of the manic state and to its pharmacologic sensitivity...

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..In light of the fact previous studies find commission errors on the CPT are associated with impulsivity, the results of this study support a positive relationship between testosterone and impulsivity...

..This study examines the utility of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) as such a tool...

..Aggressive responding rates correlated positively with BDHI scores. These results extend previous findings that negative affect in women is reflected in laboratory behavioral measures...

..Heart was more sensitive than brain to these effects. These data are consistent with reduced noradrenergic activity during hyperthyroidism, possibly mediated by an increase in autoreceptor function...

..Specifically, the BDI and the PSWQ are identified as particularly useful screening instruments that may be helpful in conceptualizing GAD severity within an older adult population...

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..These data suggest that there are naturalistic subtypes of manic episodes with different responses to treatment...

..The efficacy and safety of divalproex sodium extended release (divalproex ER) were evaluated in patients hospitalized for acute mania associated with bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed type (DSM-IV-TR criteria)...

..The results suggest that PFC lesion enhance the acute effects of amphetamine on locomotor activity and is required for development of behavior sensitization...

..The neuroendocrine effects of 2.5 mg of orally administered zolmitriptan are similar to previously reported effects of sumatriptan, with minimal side effects...

..This study supports a relationship between serotonin function and aggression as measured in the human laboratory, similar to the well-documented association between self-reported aggression and serotonin...

..This study shows that impulsivity is a significant predictor of cocaine use and treatment retention, and suggests the need for targeting impulsivity in cocaine dependence treatment...

..These results suggest that stimulation of both alpha 1- and beta-noradrenergic receptors may be necessary for optimal Na+, K+-ATPase, and that clonidine reduces Na+, K+-ATPase indirectly through decreased norepinephrine release...

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..These results show that noradrenaline and thyroid hormone regulate (Na+,K+)-ATPase by largely independent mechanisms, and may regulate different populations of enzyme molecules...

..Well-attested methodological difficulties associated with these analyses recommend the use of Bayesian statistical reasoning for evaluation of salient interaction effects...

..self-report of perimenstrual symptomatology is a more consistent predictor of aggressive behavior across the menstrual cycle than plasma testosterone; and 3. perimenstrual emotional symptomatology is not related to testosterone levels...

..In this pilot study, the efficacy of naltrexone in reducing alcohol use and on mood symptoms was assessed in bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence...

..Dysphoric mania appeared to predispose patients to more side effects when treated with either divalproex or lithium during maintenance therapy...

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..There was a significant positive correlation between lambda(1) in the rostral body of the corpus callosum and advantageous choices on the IGT. Further research on the etiology of these findings is warranted...

..e., as MPD dose increased, evoked sensory inputs decreased. These opposite effects (motor activation and sensory input suppression) were further discussed...

..As a result, comparisons between measures are difficult, with little consensus regarding which method may be most sensitive to individual impulsivity differences of different populations...

..Results of this study support further examination of citalopram in combination with behavioral therapy as a treatment for cocaine dependence...

..Neurocognitive profiles may be useful in understanding population heterogeneity and predicting differential outcomes in subgroups of cocaine abusers...

..Most gains for patients in CBT were maintained or enhanced over 1-year follow-up. However, posttreatment scores for patients in CBT failed to indicate return to normative functioning...

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..These findings suggest that P50, N100, and P200 gating could be involved in protecting cognition by affecting response bias, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or attention...

..e., BIS) was correlated with commission errors for parents, but not for adolescents. The findings of this study support the use of an objective behavioral measure of impulsivity to assess familial relationships of impulsivity...

..The guidelines for evaluating possible medications, the criteria for selection and ranking, and the updated algorithms are described...

..This study supports the hypothesis that the basic neurophysiology responsible for the P300 amplitude in cocaine-dependent individuals is associated with impulsivity independent of a history of childhood conduct disorder symptoms...

..These results suggest that in cocaine-dependent subjects there is little overlap between decision making as measured by the IGT and impulsivity/behavioural inhibition as measured by the BIS and IMT...

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..Relative to 15 comparison subjects, gating was impaired in ASPD, suggesting abnormal pre-attentive filtering in pathological impulsivity...

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..This study supports the hypothesis that the increased impulsivity as measured by the BIS-11 in cocaine dependent individuals is not exclusively due to concomitant increases in aggression or ASPD...

..The relationship appears stronger, however, for rapid-response impulsivity, as measured by the IMT/DMT. Laboratory and personality measures of impulsivity appear to be related to risk of psychopathology...

..In the present study, we further evaluated the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with beaded, extended-release carbamazepine capsules (ERC-CBZ) in patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing manic or mixed episodes...

..These findings extend the existing evidence on impaired sensory gating in bipolar I disorder beyond the P50, suggesting impaired filtering at both pre-attentive and early attentive levels in bipolar I disorder...

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..It was found that the 6-OHDA lesion group failed to exhibit behavioral sensitization to MPD. The involvement of the dopaminergic afferents of PFC in behavioral sensitization to MPD is discussed...

..Thus, the Brief MV, in uncovering underlying behavioural actions, represents an important addition to the current unidimensional HAMD approach in drug research...

..These preliminary data suggest that the T102C 5-HT2a receptor polymorphism may be a marker for impaired behavior control-perhaps in the context of psychiatric disorder history...

..To better account for influence of impulsivity in these psychiatric disturbances, no single source of measurement should be used without the consideration of other types of instruments...

..Such further attenuation can be interpreted as electrophysiological sensitization...

..CONCLUSION: Specific features of the disease history and of the semiology of individual episodes help predict therapeutic response to mood stabilisers...

..A significant correlation between BIS scores and DLPFC activation was found, supporting a role for the DLPFC in BIS-measured impulsivity...

..In conclusion, rat strains play a significant role in the response to acute and chronic administration of MPD...

..0005) shorter sleeptimes after ETOH diet. Our data suggest that destruction of the DB does not alter development of ETOH tolerance as measured by the sleeptime test...

..6 mg/kg dose of MPD failed to cause sensitization in the adolescent group but caused sensitization in the adult group, while the 2.5 and 10 mg/kg both caused sensitization in the adolescent and adult groups...

..These findings indicate that both T+ and T- can influence aggressive behavior and that certain subgroups of women may be more susceptible to serotonin manipulation...

..Results of their locomotor responses demonstrated that valproate disrupted the development/induction and the expression of sensitization to MK-801, as it did to methylphenidate...

..The 5-HT1(B/D) agonist zolmitriptan's ability to reduce aggressive behavior in humans and its interaction with the well-known aggression-enhancing drug alcohol were examined...

..e., whether subjects were juvenile or adult rats when they received drugs, but rather it depended on the behavioral index examined...

..In conclusion, the dose-response experiment on the acute effects of MPD demonstrated that there are genetic differences in the responses to MPD...

..0 mg/kg MPD group exhibited changes during the washout and re-challenge periods (p<0.01, p<0.001), respectively. In conclusion, prolonged administration of MPD modulated the diurnal HA pattern in a dose-dependent manner...

..In conclusion, a single injection of MK-801 persistently blocks the development of sensitization to methylphenidate only if it is given with methylphenidate on the first day of the repetitive treatment phase...

..These results suggest that the PFC does not interfere with the acute effects of MPD on locomotor activity but is required for development of behavioral sensitization to MPD...

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..As in the adult and child literature, characterization of aggressive behavior into two subtypes appears to be relevant to understanding individual differences among adolescents with Conduct Disorder...

..This study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of divalproex and olanzapine in the treatment of acute mania associated with bipolar disorder...

..Hierarchical regression suggested that the CCL-D subscale was a significant predictor of self-reported depression...

..These results suggest that the animal's age at time of drug treatment and strain/genetic variability play a crucial role in the acute and chronic effect of MPD and in the development of behavioral sensitization...

..This study compares the clinical, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and economic outcomes of divalproex and olanzapine in the treatment of acute mania associated with bipolar disorder...

..This study helps to demonstrate how laboratory behavioral measures of impulsivity can be used to discriminate groups based on suicidal histories among samples not currently exhibiting significant suicidal behaviors...

..In PFC, the baseline and effect of methylphenidate expressed electrophysiological sensitization on experimental day 10, while recording from CN did not exhibit any electrophysiological sensitization...

..This study compared reports of recent physical activity among those surviving a nearly lethal suicide attempt to reports from community controls...

..The results of these experiments may suggest means for monitoring risk for impulsive behavior and for a rational treatment schema for impulsivity. ..