Therese A Kosten

..Our results suggest that variation in the BDNF gene may be a risk factor for weight gain in male patients with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic treatment, and decreased BDNF levels may be associated with weight gain in females...

..Thus, the relationship between early life experiences and adulthood learning and memory performance is multifaceted and decidedly task-dependent...

..Maintenance studies of cocaine self-administration rather than acquisition may better reflect vulnerability to addiction...

..Caution is warranted due to modest specificity on behavior reinforced by alcohol, some reduction in general activity levels, and the lack of dose-response effects...

..Neonatal isolation alters maternal behavior that, in turn, may shape neurobehavioral responses of offspring including effects on maternal care. Such changes may reflect epigenetic effects resulting from changes in maternal behavior...

..In contrast, responding for cocaine in males appears driven by drug delivery...

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..These data suggest that neonatal handling alters learning and memory in a task-specific manner that may reflect alterations in emotional reactivity or differential effects of the manipulation on unknown neurohormonal mechanisms...

..We hypothesized that treatment with EGb-761 would increase serum BDNF levels and reduce TD, particularly among schizophrenia patients who have the BDNF valine 66 to methionine (Val66Met) genotype (Val/Val)...

..The aims of this study were to compare gender differences in clinical features and cognitive functioning in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia among Han Chinese inpatients...

..Schizophrenia has a range of cognitive deficits that may evolve from decreased BDNF, and this study examines this association of BDNF with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia...

..This study examined gender-specific relationships between TD and symptom levels in schizophrenia among Han Chinese, which have previously received little systematic study...

..The purpose of this study was to determine any differences in cytokine profiles in smokers and nonsmokers with schizophrenia and whether there were any relationships among altered cytokine profiles and psychopathological symptoms...

..However, the relationship between antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, and the severity of TD symptoms has not been determined within a single patient group...

..Lower TRX levels in chronic patients treated with antipsychotics may have implications for treatment outcome...

..Serum S100B levels were positively correlated with AIMS scores in patients with TD. These data suggest that increased S100B levels may be related to neuro-degeneration, associated with TD pathophysiology...

..These abnormalities may improve during antipsychotic drug treatment that reduces symptoms in schizophrenic patients...

..Our findings suggest that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and its associated cognitive impairment...

..The authors examined multiple dosages of tropisetron, a partial agonist at the nAChR, for short-term effects on cognition and P50 deficits in schizophrenia...

..Thus, smoking was not associated with TD in male Chinese schizophrenics, but consistent with previous reports, older patients with a longer duration of illness and more hospitalizations showed greater severity of TD...

..Further, smokers with schizophrenia may display fewer negative symptoms and possibly less parkinsonism than non-smokers with schizophrenia...

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..The association between decreased BDNF serum levels and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is dependent on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism...

..However, the findings must be interpreted with caution because of the relatively small sample size for an association study. Results should be confirmed in a larger cohort...

..The lower S100B levels in chronic than early-stage patients further suggest that antipsychotic treatment may reduce this neurodegeneration...

..The differential association of TRX and cognitive performance in schizophrenia and controls may be related to the impaired oxidative stress status of schizophrenia patients...

..These results suggest that the DBH 5'-Ins/Del polymorphism may influence smoking severity among schizophrenic smokers...

..Pharmacogenetics uses genetic variation to predict individual differences in response to medications and holds much promise to improve treatment of addictive disorders...

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..We tested whether a conjugate vaccine against MA (succinyl-methamphetamine-keyhole limpet hemocyanin carrier protein; SMA-KLH) would generate MA antibodies and alter MA-induced behaviors...

..These data not only suggest some potential bases for sex differences in behaviors to which the hippocampus contributes but demonstrate that there is a strong association between hippocampal GluR1 levels and anxiety as assessed with EPM...

..The purposes of this study were to compare BDNF levels in smokers to nonsmokers with schizophrenia and examine the association between BDNF levels and psychopathological symptoms...

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..This review aims to cover these developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol and opiates, two addictive drugs for which we have the majority of our FDA approved pharmacotherapies...

..Antipsychotic class exerted differential effects over BDNF levels and BMI gain. Our findings suggest that decreased BDNF levels may be associated with weight gain in female schizophrenic patients on long-term antipsychotic treatment...

..These results show that low and high doses of meth can have opposing effects on locomotor activity. Further, prior exposure to the drug leads to tolerance, rather than sensitization, of the hypolocomotor response to low meth doses...

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..Pharmacotherapies may have increased efficacy when targeted to individuals possessing specific genetic polymophisms in dopamine's metabolic and intracellular messenger systems...

..Neonatal isolation eliminates these effects perhaps reflecting alterations in accumbens monoamine levels or the effects of estrogen on this system...

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..The sex-specific effect of ISO on context fear may reflect neuronal reorganization in stress responsive areas and/or sex differences in some unconditioned responses...

..Moreover, that ISO rats are more sensitive to a D(2) antagonist may reflect decreased levels of this receptor type as we showed previously in infant rats...

..Neuropsychopharmacology (2006) 31, 70-76. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300779; published online 1 June 2005...

..These data, along with several recent studies, show further support for the contribution of noradrenergic transmission in the behavioral effects of cocaine...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that responses to different novelty situations are strain-dependent...

..004, r(2) = 0.16), but not in female patients (P > 0.05). Thus, variation in the leptin gene may be a risk factor for weight gain in male patients with schizophrenia on long-term clozapine treatment...

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..Results show that a DAT inhibitor alters cocaine-induced behaviors in a strain-dependent manner. These effects may relate to inherent differences in NAc DAT levels between Lewis and F344 rats...

..These data confirm and extend our previous findings demonstrating the enduring effects of ISO on adult self-administration behavior and emphasize the importance of measuring behavioral patterns versus intake in acquisition studies...

..These opposing effects may reflect developmental differences on stress-induced alterations on hippocampal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis...

..Recent evidence also suggests that a COMT polymorphism may be especially important in determining an individual's predisposition to developing nicotine dependence...

..These results suggest alpha1-adrenergic mechanisms contribute to reinstatement in rats and perhaps, to relapse in addicts...

..g., high and low responders) suggests that a non-monotonic relationship between behavioral sensitivity to drugs and HPA axis responsiveness can explain much of the discrepancies in the literature...

..CONCLUSIONS: Because DS shows treatment efficacy for cocaine addiction, results from this study suggest potential treatment agents should enhance, not attenuate, locomotor sensitization in rats...

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..Because 5-HT modulates DA and levels of both transmitters are increased by cocaine, this neurochemical effect of ISO may contribute to the ability of ISO to alter the behavioral responses to cocaine as we showed previously...

..07-1.71; Genotype, chi2=6.85, d.f.=2, p=0.033). Our results indicate a small but significant contribution of the IL3RA polymorphism to susceptibility to schizophrenia, suggesting that the IL3 pathway may be involved in schizophrenia...

..The transporter and FAAH are modulatory sites that may be exploited to enhance cannabinergic signaling for therapeutic purposes...

..Animal studies also suggest that tailoring treatment to subgroups of patients based on genotype may improve responses...

..This review focuses on endocrine-system-level mechanisms of stress effects in the hippocampus, and how stress, by altering the property of hippocampal plasticity, can subsequently influence hippocampal memory...