Nikolaos Frangogiannis

..Elucidating the complex interactions and regulatory mechanisms responsible for cardiac repair may allow us to design effective inflammation-related interventions for the treatment of myocardial infarction...

..Our findings suggest that lymphocytes infiltrating the ischemic and reperfused myocardium express IL-10 and may have a significant role in healing by modulating mononuclear cell phenotype and inducing TIMP-1 expression...

..Understanding of the specific molecular signals involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial hibernation is crucial in order to design strategies preventing irreversible dysfunction...

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..This manuscript reviews the evidence suggesting a role for chemokine-mediated effects in ischemia/reperfusion and discusses the potential significance of these interactions in injury and repair of ischemic tissues...

..We hypothesized that MCP-1 may mediate fibrotic remodeling through recruitment of mononuclear cells and direct effects on fibroblasts...

..Understanding of their role in myocardial infarction may allow us to design specific therapeutic strategies aiming at optimizing cardiac repair and preventing ventricular remodeling...

..In addition, understanding the role of the immune system in cardiac repair is necessary in order to design optimal strategies for cardiac regeneration...

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..Understanding of the role of chemokines in myocardial ischemia may result in novel strategies in the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease...

..The molecular and cellular changes associated with infarct healing directly influence ventricular remodeling and affect prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction...

..We suggest that upregulation of MCSF in the infarcted myocardium may have an active role in healing not only through its effects on cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage, but also by regulating endothelial cell chemokine expression...

..Understanding the role of inflammatory mediators in the development and progression of the cardiomyopathic process may lead to the development of specific therapeutic strategies aiming at preventing irreversible fibrosis and dysfunction...

..The purpose of this study is to examine the cellular content of healing myocardial infarcts and study the phenotypic characteristics of fibroblasts during scar formation utilizing a canine model of coronary occlusion and reperfusion...

..TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and M-CSF are potent inducers of IP-10 in canine endothelial cells and may indirectly mediate lymphocyte chemotaxis and activation in inflammatory processes...

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..We postulate that revascularization may promote resolution of the ongoing inflammation, preventing further tissue injury and fibrosis...

..In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of TGF-beta in infarct healing and cardiac remodeling...

..Our data suggest that SAP interferes with assumption of a fibroblast phenotype in a subset of monocytes and that SAP may be an important regulator in the linkage between inflammation and nonadaptive fibrosis in the heart...

..We hypothesized that endogenous IL-10 may regulate infarct healing and left ventricular remodeling by promoting resolution of the post-infarction inflammatory response and by modulating extracellular matrix metabolism...

..Acquisition of a mural coat and maturation of the vasculature promotes resolution of inflammation and stabilization of the scar...

..Thus, interventional therapeutics targeting the IL-1 system may have great benefits in myocardial infarction...

..Understanding the specific mechanisms responsible for the protective effects of TSP-1 and TSP-2 in healing infarcts may lead to novel therapeutic interventions aiming at attenuating adverse left ventricular remodeling...

..The purpose of this study was to study aging-associated alterations in the inflammatory and reparative response after myocardial infarction (MI) and their involvement in adverse post-infarction remodeling of the senescent heart...

..Our findings suggest that CD44-mediated interactions are critically involved in infarct healing. CD44 signaling is important for resolution of the postinfarction inflammatory reaction and regulates fibroblast function...

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..The transforming growth factor-beta/Smad3 pathway is activated in healing infarcts and may regulate cellular events critical for the inflammatory and the fibrotic responses...

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..Understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation and remodeling of the microvasculature after MI may be important in designing therapeutic interventions to optimize cardiac repair...

..Constitutive growth factor mRNA expression in murine tissues without significant populations of mast cells and macrophages may suggest an alternative role for these factors in tissue homeostasis...

..CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular integrity is a significant determinant of maximal MCI in humans. MCE indices of blood velocity and flow are important parameters that predict recovery of function after revascularization...

..Prediction of viable myocardium with MCE is best using quantification of myocardial blood flow and provides improved accuracy compared with DE and Tl(201) scintigraphy...

..The reduction of the cellular and functional response in EC-SOD mice suggests a role for reactive O(2) in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiomyopathy...

..Understanding the cellular and molecular steps involved in regulating infarct healing may lead to specific interventions aimed at optimizing cardiac repair...

..These important species-specific differences should be considered when interpreting findings derived from studies using genetically altered mice...

..Recruitment of a muscular coat and formation of neoarterioles in mature scars may inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and vascular sprouting, stabilizing the infarct vasculature...

..Endothelial PAR-2 stimulation with the agonist peptide SLIGKV induced a similar chemokine expression profile. Mast cell tryptase may exert its angiogenic effects in part through selective stimulation of angiogenic chemokines...

..Absence of MCP-1 results in attenuated post-infarction left ventricular remodeling, at the expense of a prolonged inflammatory phase and delayed replacement of injured cardiomyocytes with granulation tissue...

..These techniques are useful tools for pathological studies in canine models...

..86, P < 0.01). In an animal model of healing canine infarcts, diastolic strain rate by Doppler echocardiography appears to be a promising novel index of myocardial viability...

..These studies may lead to therapeutic interventions aimed at optimizing cardiac repair by preventing prolongation and extension of the inflammatory injury. ..

..Understanding the role of chemokines in infarct healing may identify novel therapeutic targets aiming at optimizing cardiac repair and decreasing adverse remodeling. ..