JANET BUTEL

..Critical assessment of virologic and epidemiologic data suggests a probable causative role for SV40 in certain human cancers, but additional studies are necessary to prove etiology...

..These data suggest that SV40 may be present in these populations and emphasize the importance of follow-up studies to determine the pathogenesis of infections by this emerging human agent...

..It is concluded that SV40 should be considered a candidate human tumor virus and that vigorous efforts to clarify the role of the virus in human disease should be supported...

..The difficulties in establishing an etiologic role for a virus in human cancer are discussed, as well as the different approaches that proved viral links to cancer. Future directions for tumor virus studies are considered...

..We conclude that SV40 is significantly associated with some types of NHL and that lymphomas should be added to the types of human cancers associated with SV40...

..Sequence variation among SV40 regulatory regions ruled out laboratory contamination of specimens. This study shows the presence of SV40 infections in pediatric patients born after 1982...

..Studies have reported differing frequencies of detection of polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) in association with human lymphomas...

..This case suggests a link between viral exposure and tumor development...

..2/12, 17%; P = 0.05). This study shows that SV40 gene expression occurs in a fraction of cells in some B-cell lymphomas among patients with HIV/AIDS...

..As increasing evidence indicates an association of SV40 with selected types of human malignancies, prospective studies are needed to examine the risk of SV40 infection with the development of neoplasias...

..001). These findings support the hypothesis that the gastrointestinal tract may be a site of polyomavirus persistence, and they suggest a fecal-oral route of viral transmission...

..BK and JC viruses establish persistent infections in humans, and evidence suggests that SV40 can infect humans, as well. Whether persistence occurs in the lymphoid system is unknown...

..These results suggest that the timing of SV40 infections in humans may be similar to that of BKV and that urine from healthy children could contribute to the ubiquity of BKV infection early in life...

..CONCLUSION: These assays provide a technique for rapid and specific quantification of polyomavirus genomes per cell in human samples...

..However, the small samples and lack of control groups in some reports have made it difficult to assess their reliability...

..In this essay, we consider the unique features of SV40 infection in humans and examine the limitations of conventional studies that seek to disprove the aetiological link with human cancer...

..Conclusions. Polyomaviruses are frequently present in stool samples from hospitalized children. These findings suggest that fecal-oral transmission of BKV may play a role in the ubiquity of infection...

..None of the S-NHL samples were positive for both Epstein-Barr virus DNA and SV40 DNA. Further studies of the possible role of SV40 in the pathogenesis of S-NHL are warranted...

..In addition, this opportunistic malignancy is associated with significant mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease...

..These results suggest that Hodgkin lymphoma has a low incidence in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART, but the malignancy is an aggressive disease with unfavorable clinical outcome in these patients...

..We aimed to identify which one of the three polyomaviruses able to infect human beings (simian virus 40 [SV40], JC virus, and BK virus) was associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma...

..These results indicate that SV40 replicates in hamsters, vertical transmission of SV40 can occur, and the viral regulatory region influences transmission...

..This study shows that SV40 strains differ in their biological properties, suggests that SV40 replicates to some level in hamsters, and indicates that the outcome of an SV40 infection may depend on the viral strain present...

..quot; This review analyzes the accumulating data that indicate that SV40 is a pathogen which has a possible etiologic role in human malignancies. Future research directions are considered...

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..The immunosuppressive effects of space flight radiation and reactivation of latent virus infections in human beings are largely unknown...

..This review examines the data implicating SV40 in the pathogenesis of human lymphomas and discusses future directions to define the causative role for SV40 in these malignancies...

..This rich history promises that tumor virology will continue to contribute to our understanding of cancer and to the development of new therapeutic and preventive measures for this disease in the 21st century...

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..Polyomavirus infection causes renal dysfunction after kidney transplantation, but it has not been thoroughly investigated in nonrenal solid-organ transplantation...

..50). Thus, adults independently control persistent viruses, which display discordant, sporadic reactivations...

..045). This survey shows that SV40 sustains infections in multiple tissues in malignant mesothelioma patients from a geographic area affected with asbestos-related mesothelioma...

..As the common types of JCV excreted varied among ethnic groups, JCV genotypes associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy may reflect demographics of those infected patient populations...

..DNA sequence analysis of the PCR products confirmed that SV40 Tag specific sequences were detected in baboons...

..How did a simian virus infect humans and is the virus a passenger in tumours or is it important in their pathogenesis?..

..Of note, 20% of patients with SV40-related lymphomas were born in the 1970s and 1980s. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS. These results indicate that SV40 is significantly associated with some B-cell neoplasms in Costa Rica today...

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..It should be considered that there is a possibility that other polyomaviruses, including those in humans, may be vertically transmitted...

..No serum or tissue samples were available from his 27-year-old donor. DISCUSSION: This report shows that SV40 is circulating in the community and can cause nephropathy in transplant patients...

..Additional studies are needed to determine whether EBV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cells play a role in the pathogenesis of EBV in HIV-1-infected patients receiving HAART...

..Clinical syndromes related to polyomavirus infection are summarized in the present review, and strategies for the management of patients who receive transplants are discussed...

..A lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) archetypal regulatory region was amplified from DNA from the blood of an immunocompromised rhesus monkey. We believe this is the first nonserological evidence of LPV infection in rhesus monkeys...

..In addition, this project may provide new insights into lymphomagenesis in general and may lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this malignancy. ..

..This new information will allow better understanding of the biology of SV40 human infections and may provide insights into the mechanisms of SV40 involvement in human malignancies. ..

..The major policy-making body of the CFAR is the Internal Advisory Committee; management is assisted by External Advisory and Developmental Grants Scientific Review Committees. ..

..These tools allow us to experimentally address molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for early stages of breast disease, which we believe will have profound implications toward understanding the development of human breast cancer...

..this project will provide insights into the cell biology of breast cancer and epthelial cell transformation in general...

..The response of BALB/c murine mammary gland cells to SV40 and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is the system under study. ..

..This project will provide new understandings of mechanisms relevant to polyomaviruses and human cancer and may identify novel targets for therapeutics to treat polyomavirus infections and prevent disease. ..