MICHAEL V BENNETT

..Two reports of electrical synapses between identified inhibitory neurons in the neocortex suggest that many neuron types known to communicate chemically may also be electrically coupled...

..Cajal leaves ample evidence in his writings that he would have no difficulty in accepting these very minor modifications to the vast body of his contributions...

..This article reviews the many subtleties of transmission mediated by gap junctions and the mechanisms whereby these junctions contribute to synchronous firing...

..Most of these studies utilized cells in tissue culture that expressed a specific gap junction protein, connexin 43. Several such examples are reviewed here, with a particular focus on astrocytes...

..Increased coupling could well contribute to the known tendency of the hippocampus to exhibit seizure activity...

..The new molecular, cellular and physiological techniques will clarify where gap junctions and electrical coupling do and do not occur and permit experimental manipulation with high specificity...

..This receptor subtype appears to be an important therapeutic target for intervention in ischemia-induced neuronal death in humans...

..Taken together, the data indicate that hemichannels are gated by multiple mechanisms that independently or cooperatively affect their open probability under physiological as well as pathological conditions...

..Our data link PKA-dependent synaptic plasticity to Ca2+ signaling in spines and thus provide a new mechanism whereby PKA regulates the induction of LTP...

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..These findings provide an important first step in evaluating the pathogenesis of inherited human diseases associated with mutations in the gene for Cx31...

..Hemichannels formed of mCx30.2 and hCx31.9 may slow propagation of excitation in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes by shortening the space constant and depolarizing the excitable membrane...

..These findings predict that synaptic scaffolding proteins and protein kinases convergently modulate NMDAR gating and trafficking at synaptic sites...

..These findings implicate the complex in HIV-induced neuronal apoptosis and suggest therapeutic targets for intervention in the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS...

..These findings suggest that lowering intracellular redox potential increases the opening of Cx43 and Cx43-EGFP hemichannels, possibly by action on cytoplasmic cysteine residues in the connexin C terminus...

..These findings suggest that Bcl-xL positively regulates Drp1 to alter mitochondrial function in a manner that stimulates synapse formation...

..These findings implicate PI3K/Akt signaling in maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane...

..In addition to the cell specific features of an ischemic insult, propagation of cell damage and death within affected tissues may be affected by expression and regulation of gap junction channels and hemichannels formed by connexins...

..The widespread distribution of connexin35 and connexin36 and the ubiquity of some of the proposed regulatory elements suggest that other electrical synapses may be similarly regulated...

..Alternatively, dying astrocytes might compromise the health of neighboring cells via Cx43 gap junctions, thereby promoting the propagation of cell death...

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..Cx45/Cx43 junctions are likely to be found in brain and heart and may mediate rectifying electrical transmission or modulatable chemical communication...

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..The interaction of ZO-1 with conserved regions of the C termini of Cx35/Cx36 orthologs may have a common function at electrical synapses of mammals and other vertebrates...

..Derepression of REST is likely to be an important mechanism of insult-induced neuronal death...

..Opening of Cx43 hemichannels may mediate normal signaling or be deleterious...

..This restricted functional abnormality may explain the relatively mild phenotype seen in the xenograft model and in E102G patients...

..Given that activity bi-directionally modifies synaptic levels of PSD-95, our findings suggest a novel mechanism for activity-dependent regulation of NMDARs at central synapses...

..The latter chimera was inserted into the surface and formed plaques, but did not express functional hemichannels or cell-cell channels. These data convincingly demonstrate the opening of Cx43 hemichannels...

..The finding of neuroprotection by late CaEDTA administration has striking implications for intervention in the delayed neuronal death associated with global ischemia...

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..These findings suggest that preconditioning preserves the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, enabling neurons to survive in the face of caspase activation...

..These findings implicate MORs in ischemia-induced death of CA1 pyramidal neurons and document epigenetic remodeling of expression of OPRM1 in CA1 inhibitory interneurons...

..These findings suggest that intervention at the level of transcriptional regulation of the GluR2 gene may be a mechanism by which prolonged postischemic cooling rescues CA1 neurons otherwise "destined to die."..

..Moreover, this study has important implications for research on other neurodegenerative disorders including focal ischemia, epilepsy, AIDS encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. ..

..Cx43 is the primary connexin expressed by astrocytes; responses to metabolic challenge will relate to the clinical conditions of focal and global ischemia in the CNS, where the role of astrocytes remains largely unexplored. ..

..Cx43 is the primary connexin expressed by astrocytes; responses to metabolic challenge will relate to the clinical conditions of focal and global ischemia in the CNS, where the role of astrocytes remains largely unexplored. ..

..Trainees are encouraged to explore laboratories other than the one in which they are working and to take maximum advantage of the many scientific opportunities in the College as a whole. ..

..Moreover, this study has important implications for research on other neurodegenerative disorders including focal ischemia, epilepsy, AIDS encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. ..

..Moreover, this study has important implications for research on other neurodegenerative disorders including focal ischemia, epilepsy, AIDS encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. ..

..Cx43 is the primary connexin expressed by astrocytes;responses to metabolic challenge will relate to the clinical conditions of focal and global ischemia in the CNS, where the role of astrocytes remains largely unexplored. ..