Michael Alderman

..Without knowledge of the sum of the multiple effects of a reduced sodium diet, no single universal prescription for sodium intake can be scientifically justified...

..In short, the available data provides no support for any universal recommendation of a particular level of dietary sodium...

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..Although several potential mechanisms have been identified to explain this association, as yet there is no evidence that uric acid bears a causal or reversible relationship to vascular disease...

..The ultimate goal is for this scientific discourse to lead to evidence-based programs for population salt consumption that will contribute to the betterment of human health...

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..Similarly, the benefit of therapy must be assessed by reduction in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality...

..Clearly, randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate further the long-term cardioprotective benefits issue of reducing hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients...

..The Report was presented at a Press Conference timed to coincide with publication in JAMA. A more detailed supporting document will follow, as will a fold-over card bearing the therapeutic algorithm...

..Taken together, these data provide no support for the notion that either normotensive or hypertensive individuals should routinely decrease (or increase) dietary sodium intake...

..The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and determinants of plasma renin activity (PRA) in a representative sample of hypertensive persons...

..Overall, serum uric acid may be a powerful tool to help stratify risk for cardiovascular disease. At the very least, it should be carefully considered when evaluating overall cardiovascular risk...

..The purpose of this review is to assess available data to determine whether or not serum uric acid meets the standard for designation as a risk factor...

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..Our study objective was to determine whether excess mortality among well-controlled hypertensive black men compared with whites is due to differences in disease incidence or in case fatality...

..Unanswered, however, is the question of whether uric acid is simply an associated phenomenon, or actually contributes to the occurrence of cardiac events...

..The aim of this study was to assess the relation of sodium intake to subsequent all-cause and cardiovascular-disease (CVD) mortality in a general population...

..Diabetes and evidence of vascular disease at entry predicted morbidity. Persisting cardiovascular morbidity in the face of satisfactory blood pressure control suggests the need for additional preventive intervention...

..In this general community setting, dramatic shifts in the choice of initial drug based upon application of JNC guidelines had little discernable impact on short term patient outcomes...

..However, results from subsequent hypothesis-testing trials have been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the possible effect of statin therapy on incident diabetes...

..However, stratification of Hispanics by birthplace revealed substantial variation within the Hispanic population of New York City...

..In conclusion, cardiovascular mortality rates among Chinese migrants in New York City fall below those of both Chinese in China and whites in New York City...

..In conclusion, among young subjects, but not older normotensive persons, at very low risk of cardiovascular disease, a wide pulse pressure is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality...

..To determine the relationship of moderately high and low concentrations of serum potassium with cardiovascular disease events among treated hypertensive patients...

..Indeed, if all New Yorkers who became pregnant enjoyed the survival of the city's non-Hispanic white residents, the difference in maternal mortality between the city and the nation would be eliminated...

..This study examined the relationship between a self-reported history of treatment for depression and subsequent myocardial infarction among treated hypertensive patients...

..The impact of serum potassium on mortality is inadequately defined...

..To further assess this association in a larger sample, we examined data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiological Follow-up Study...

..To determine the influence of maternal hypertension on the risk of low birth weight among white, black, and Hispanic residents of New York City...

..However, the course of stroke incidence is less certain. To address this issue, we determined trends of stroke hospitalization and in-hospital case fatality during 1988-1997...

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..There was, for every 2 unit increase in PRA, an overall 25% increase in MI incidence. Among hypertensive subjects, PRA level (without urine sodium), is independently and directly associated with the incidence of MI...

..Moderate sodium restriction is, like other strategies, one therapeutic modality that may be applied, with caution, in individual cases...

..That goal is to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, improve and extend life, and to achieve these objectives in the least intrusive and most efficient way possible...

..However, improving revascularization among women does not eliminate the gender disparity of in-hospital death after AMI...

..Little is known of risk factors for stroke among Chinese immigrants to the United States. We have conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for stroke among foreign-born Chinese in New York City...

..If continued, this threatens the long-established nationwide trend to reduced coronary artery disease events...

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..This study examines the relationship between IHD mortality and baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault formula) among treated hypertensive subjects...

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..This study examines the interaction of renal dysfunction and IFG (>or=110 mg/dL) upon the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality among treated hypertensive subjects...

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..Nevertheless, the control rate among patients taking prescribed medication and/or therapeutic lifestyle modification has remained about the same for the past several decades...

..This study examines trends in stroke hospitalization from 1988 to 2004...

..Some, but not all, of these differences may be explained by less effective blood pressure control in the lisinopril arm...

..The ACCORD blood pressure trial should provide the first definitive clinical trial data on the possible benefit of treating to a more aggressive systolic blood pressure goal in reducing CVD events in patients with diabetes mellitus...

..Can these contradictory data be reconciled to inform health policy regarding sodium intake recommendations?..

..Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock is associated with high morbidity and mortality...

..The association of exercise and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome among persons with different blood pressure (BP) status is less well known...

..It has been suggested that the LIFE study results may be related to the effects of losartan on serum uric acid (SUA). SUA has been proposed as an independent risk factor for CV morbidity and death...

..The association of physical inactivity and elevated body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well established. The relationship of dietary caloric intake and CVD risk is less certain...

..The objective of this study was to determine whether local availability of facilities might influence apparent racial disparities in revascularization and health outcomes...

..Establishing relative benefit or harm from specific antihypertensive agents is limited by the complex array of studies that compare treatments. Network meta-analysis combines direct and indirect evidence to better define risk or benefit...

..It is likely that the majority of people with hypertension could achieve a blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg with the antihypertensive medications available today...

..To address this issue, we evaluated trends in hospitalization for, and in-hospital mortality from, myocardial infarction from 1988 to 1997...

..Universal recommendations for sodium reduction or dietary sodium goals should await evidence that such interventions are both safe and effective as measured by morbidity and mortality outcomes...

..We report on a subanalysis of the effects of losartan and atenolol on cardiovascular events in black patients in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study...

..Moreover, the increase appeared to have been due to more frequent admission of eligible patients to hospitals capable of the service, as opposed to increasing revascularization rates in hospitals capable of revascularization...

..Thus, because of these associations, our hypothesis is that in hypertension, pulse pressure may be considered as a marker of preclinical cardiovascular disease, similar to LV mass and PP/SV, rather than a cardiovascular risk factor...

..We propose that global risk should be used as the main determinant of whom to treat, how to treat, and how much to treat...

..Limited information exists on clinical characteristics of stroke among Chinese persons living in the United States. We compared the clinical characteristics of Chinese and White stroke patients living in New York City...

..Moreover, Asians, with their low bone mass, showed no increased hip fractures, compared to non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. Further study is needed to explain this paradox...

..We sought to determine whether supplemental private insurance coverage among Medicare recipients alters patterns of health care or outcomes associated with acute myocardial infarction...

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..Future studies should focus on further defining the pathophysiology of primary hypertension in children, including the roles of renin and insulin resistance, so that improved methods of prevention and treatment can be developed...

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