J Andrew Carlson

..Herein, molecular diagnostics that can potentially benefit the individual melanoma patient will be discussed...

..Herein, we review cutaneous vasculitis focusing on diagnostic criteria, classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and evaluation of the cutaneous vasculitis patient...

..Overexpression of mdm-2 with stabilization and inactivation of p53 protein may provide an alternate pathway for vulvar carcinogenesis...

..Clinically apparent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is also recognized by acanthosis and papillomatosis...

..This article reviews the current understanding of melanocyte receptors, their agonists and inhibitors, and their potential to treat the melanocytic pathology...

..We discuss this case and review the literature on sarcoidal tenosynovitis and sarcoidosis occurring post-transplantation...

..Decreased immune surveillance secondary to rosaceous lymphedema may explain why Demodex infestation is common in rosacea and support the suspicion that phymatous skin is predisposed to skin cancer development...

..Their presence in these two putative examples of viral-drug immune dysregulation could be a clue to pathogenesis and represent a common cellular component of some adverse cutaneous drug eruptions...

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..Patterned hair loss, follicular miniaturization, and increased telogen hair counts characterize androgenic alopecia (AGA). Follicular inflammation in AGA has been associated with treatment resistance and progressive hair loss...

..Herein, we review both primary and secondary vasculitic syndromes that affect the skin and show a small vessel neutrophilic mediated vasculitis...

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..Overall, these estimates of melanoma tumor doubling time validate the concept of tumor progression, reinforce the tenet of early detection and curative excision, and can explain the phenomenon of late onset of metastases, respectively...

..In this paper, we review current and novel, potentially more accurate, biomarkers and supplementary technologies that can be used for the prevention, screening and diagnosis of melanoma...

..In this paper, current and novel potentially more accurate biomarkers for the staging and prognostic evaluation of melanoma patients, and for the detection of subclinical metastases are reviewed...

..To describe the clinicopathologic features of melanocytic proliferations associated with lichen sclerosus (LS) and to compare these findings with those in controls...

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..This essential histological information coupled with direct immunofluorescence and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic data and clinical findings enables more precise and accurate diagnosis of localized and systemic vasculitis syndromes...

..For the most part, MITF expression is preserved during melanoma progression, while TRPM1 mRNA expression decreases or is completely lost. The loss of TRPM1 is associated with melanomas that are more aggressive...

..We postulate that localized lymphedema secondary to scarring coupled with chronic epidermal irritation and inflammation allowed for latent HPV infection to manifest as CPD with NS-like cutaneous hyperplasia...

..The role of HPV could be either direct through infection of melanocytes or indirect as a cofactor with free radicals in chronic fibroinflammatory vulvar disorders such as lichen sclerosus...

..We review current and potential biomarkers useful for the screening for and prevention, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of melanoma...

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..Human papillomavirus (HPV) vulvitis' is a disputed entity where most studies examining for genital-mucosal (GM) HPV have been negative...

..Low levels of p27 and high levels of Skp2 are related to poor prognosis in some cancers...

..CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous CS is an aggressive skin cancer with high risk for advanced disease. Significant risk factors exist whose identification will allow for better management of CS patients...

..The latter finding may be the pathogenic connection (lichenoid dermatitis of LS triggering an autoimmune reaction to melanocytes) that underlies the documented association of LS with vitiligo...

..Our study supports a role of these tumor suppressor and metastasis suppressor genes in the evolution and progression of NSCLC...

..In this report, we document the first case of TBF affecting the ocular adnexa and detail the histologic features that differentiate TBF from BCC...

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..Local trauma from shaving, barrier dysfunction, and decreased cell immunity and interferon production associated with atopic dermatitis are likely responsible for this presentation of lower leg verrucosis...

..Biopsies were consistent with chronic lymphedema. Of note, on 6 months follow-up, the patient's appearance was improved though she still had residual ptosis. A period of extended observation may be warranted in these cases...

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..Hypoxia induces cell-cycle arrest in cultured cell lines, possibly via up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. The effect of hypoxia on cell-cycle regulation in excised human tumors has not been investigated...

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..In this case, it can be surmised that persistence of VZV infection and lack of effective cell-mediated immunity lead to development of both immunopathology (vasculitis) and excessive lymphoid cell proliferation (CLH)...

..To determine the presence, degree, and extent of lymphatic, elastic, and collagen fiber alterations in dermatochalasis (DC) specimens...

..Carcinoma-associated calcifications (Ca(2+)) are a common phenomenon. In the skin, basal cell carcinomas (BCC) can be associated with Ca(2+)...

..We propose that this lesion is the result of faulty migration of pluripotential cells during embryogenesis...

..In this patient, genetic predisposition coupled with repetitive, localized trauma and collagen degeneration may have provided the stimulus for the development of extra nuchal-type fibroma...

..Adipocytic metaplasia is frequently exhibited by intradermal melanocytic nevi, often in conjunction with melanocytic neurotization, a process termed maturation where melanocytes are assumed to transform to a peripheral nerve phenotype...

..Neuroectodermal differentiation or melanocytic colonization are the opposing theories of histogenesis for the Bednár tumor or pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)...

..This case report confirms that squamous cell carcinoma in situ may occur in an anophthalmic socket and be managed conservatively, reserving the need for orbital exenteration for more invasive disease...

..Plasma cell vulvitis (Zoon's vulvitis) is a rare condition that frequently contains hemosiderin deposits and is suspected to be a mucosal reaction pattern due to variety of insults, most often local irritation or trauma...

..In cancers, some malignant cells (e.g. subsets of breast and ovarian carcinomas) express fascin. In skin cancer, the role of fascin is unknown...

..Only one case has been reported in the English-language literature to date. It is important to include this type of lesion in the differential diagnosis of an orbital mass seen after the injection of periocular corticosteroids...

..Lymphangiectases are a histologic sign of lymphostasis, which is associated with decreased immune cell trafficking and cell-mediated immunity...

..In the future, sophisticated genomic and proteomic techniques combined with complex bioinformatics data analyses will be required to translate these recent basic science discoveries to clinically useful diagnostic tests...

..Furthermore, the anaplastic and metastatic phenotype of these BCC derived neoplasms may be the experimental equivalent of metastatic BCC and BCC associated with carcinosarcoma...

..However, like steatocystomas, intratarsal keratinous cysts exhibit a sebaceous duct phenotype. The anterior lid crease approach with partial tarsectomy seems to be an effective treatment...

..The validity of this proposed mechanism must be evaluated by first examining the prevalence and number of PMs in future case series of HV...

..A review of MVH summarizing its clinicopathologic findings and its natural history is presented...

..One year after excision, there has been no recurrence of the lesion. Clinicians should be aware that poroma can occur in regions other than the hands and feet...

..If similar lesions are noted elsewhere, the diagnosis of progressive nodular histiocytoma should be considered...

..In the prevention of syphilis, a potential vaccine protective against syphilis should be designed to augment the DTH response...

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..The theory that HPV may act as a cofactor in melanoma development deserves further clinical and experimental investigations...

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..Based on these overlapping clinical-pathologic features, macular arteritis might represent a latent, non-nodule forming chronic variant of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa...

..In this review, the known prognostic factors in Stage III and IV melanoma are reviewed. Selected investigational therapies and associated biomarkers are also discussed...

..Progressive loss of CD7 expression in BID is the likely consequence of expansion of antigen-selected CD3+CD4+CD7- T cells. These inflammatory CD4+CD7- T cells may represent the physiologic counterpart to the neoplastic lymphocyte of MF...

..Ambiguous lesions can be separated into lesions with and without chromosomal aberrations. Future studies with clinical follow-up are necessary to determine which aberrations are most informative for classification of these lesions...

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..Dirty necrosis was a constant histologic finding in intestine mucinous carcinomas involving the skin, and this feature may serve as a clue to an intestinal origin...