Gillian M Keating

..The most common adverse events in the valsartan and placebo groups which led to discontinuation of treatment were dizziness, renal impairment (both of which occurred in significantly more valsartan recipients) and hypotension...

..Thus, topical pimecrolimus 1% cream is an effective treatment option for the management of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis...

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..The most common adverse events were related to respiratory system disorders. During the 1-year study, dry mouth was reported by 1.3% and 0.7% of patients in the ipratropium bromide HFA or ipratropium bromide CFC groups...

..g. coagulopathy). Intravenous crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab is generally well tolerated, with acute hypersensitivity reactions being the most commonly occurring adverse event...

..According to pooled data from the two clinical studies, the majority of adverse events associated with polyphenon E 10% ointment involved application site and local skin reactions at the treatment site...

..Intravenous ibuprofen was generally well tolerated by hospitalized adult patients participating in these clinical trials. The most common adverse event leading to discontinuation of ibuprofen treatment was pruritus (<1% of patients)...

..g. nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea) and injection-site reactions among the most commonly occurring non-haematological adverse events. In conclusion, azacitidine is an important agent for use in the treatment of patients with MDS/AML...

..Ulipristal acetate was generally well tolerated in women with uterine fibroids. The incidence of hot flush occurred with a significantly lower frequency for recipients of ulipristal acetate than for recipients of leuprolide acetate...

..Limited pharmacoeconomic analyses suggest that prasugrel-based therapy is an economically attractive treatment strategy relative to clopidogrel-based therapy from a US healthcare payer perspective...

..In the meantime, dabigatran etexilate offers a convenient, effective and generally well tolerated treatment option for the prophylaxis of VTE in patients undergoing TKR and THR surgery...

..Bevacizumab combination therapy had generally acceptable tolerability in these studies, with the nature of adverse events generally similar to that observed in previous clinical trials in patients with other solid tumours...

..In conclusion, dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine is a valuable option for use in the first-line treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria...

..Further head-to-head trials of quetiapine versus other drug regimens that are effective in bipolar depression would be of considerable interest...

..The safety of calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate in patients treated for up to 1 year was generally good; fewer than 5% of patients experienced adverse events possibly associated with long-term corticosteroid use...

..Overall, the Novolizer was well accepted, with an improved compliance in 80% of patients that was attributable to the control mechanisms of the device...

..Therefore, insulin glargine is likely to be a useful addition to the armamentarium of insulin therapy by establishing basal glycemic control with once daily administration and a reduced risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia...

..In the meantime, continuous oral estradiol plus intermittent oral norgestimate can be regarded as an effective new option for HRT in postmenopausal women...

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..These attributes can potentially promote patient compliance, an important factor in treatment success. Adapalene is, therefore, assured of a role in the first-line treatment of acne vulgaris...

..Poly-L-lactic acid was generally well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported...

..Similar proportions of tiotropium, salmeterol, and placebo recipients required COPD-related hospitalizations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)..

..Like the IR formulation, metformin XT is generally well tolerated; gastro-intestinal adverse events are, however, common...

..The estradiol/levonorgestrel transdermal system was generally well tolerated. In two trials, application-site reactions were common in all treatment groups (estradiol/levonorgestrel, estradiol, and placebo)...

..PHARMACOECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS: Initial deployment costs associated with the PES are likely to be offset by savings in repeat procedures, according to a cost-effectiveness analysis in the UK...

..Comparisons of omalizumab with other asthma therapies have yet to be conducted; however, clinical efficacy and tolerability data indicate that omalizumab is a valuable option in the treatment of allergic asthma...

..The use of palivizumab in these other high-risk populations is likely to be determined as much by pharmacoeconomic considerations as by efficacy outcomes...

..The most frequently reported adverse events were local phototoxicity reactions, most of which were of mild to moderate intensity, resolved rapidly and were rarely treatment limiting...

..Thus, rosuvastatin has emerged as a valuable choice for first-line treatment in the management of low- to high-risk patients requiring lipid-lowering drug therapy...

..Adverse events were transient and related to the administration procedure. There were no differences in the incidences of complications of prematurity between lucinactant and the other surfactants...

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..Thus, in accordance with current clinical guidelines, bosentan is a convenient, effective, and generally well tolerated agent for use in the first-line treatment of class III PAH or second-line treatment of class IV PAH...

..Rotavirus vaccine and placebo were associated with serious adverse events in <3% of infants in either group...

..Unlike the TST, the RD1 ELISPOT assay is not confounded by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination...

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..Significantly more women with osteoporosis preferred once-monthly ibandronate and found it more convenient than once-weekly alendronate, according to data from a 6-month, randomized, open-label, crossover study...

..The treatment-related adverse event profile of once-weekly alendronate/colecalciferol 70 mg/2800 IU was similar to that of once-weekly alendronate in the 15-week, double-blind study in patients with osteoporosis...

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..It thus provides a valuable alternative to UFH and low-molecular weight heparins in the treatment of acute VTE, particularly in the outpatient setting...

..Capillary leak syndrome or systemic inflammatory response syndrome was reported in four patients...

..It is subcutaneously administered and is generally well tolerated. Anakinra offers a useful addition to the range of drugs available for the treatment of RA...

..The tolerability profile (including the incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse events) of risedronate 35mg once a week in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, was similar to that of risedronate 5mg once daily...

..Thus, paricalcitol is a useful option for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults and children with chronic renal failure...

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..Rosiglitazone significantly improves insulin sensitivity and, as such, is a welcome addition to the treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..The most common adverse events were injection related (e.g. injection-site phlebitis), hypotension, and pyrexia...

..However, there was no difference between the two groups in the incidence of bleeding episodes that were considered to be life-threatening...

..In double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in a total of 804 patients, the pooled incidences of individual adverse events were generally similar with fenofibrate and placebo...

..Linezolid is generally well tolerated. The most common drug-related adverse events in the comparator-controlled trials were diarrhea, nausea, and headache; most events were mild to moderate in severity...

..Nevertheless, the generally favorable tolerability profile and relatively low potential for drug interactions of oxcarbazepine make it a valuable option in the treatment of childhood epilepsy...

..Nonetheless, current data support the choice of cilostazol as a promising therapy amongst the limited options available for patients with intermittent claudication...

..Topical pimecrolimus 1.0% provides a promising and well tolerated treatment option in the management of infants, children and adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis...

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..With prudent use in order to prevent the emergence of resistant organisms, cefepime will continue to be a suitable option for the empiric treatment of pneumonia...

..Zanamivir shows potential for prophylaxis in persons for whom vaccination is contraindicated or ineffective, in elderly or high-risk patients in long-term care facilities and in households...

..In addition, the drug offers significant benefits when added to inhaled corticosteroids (according to secondary endpoints). Montelukast offers an effective, well tolerated and convenient treatment option for children with asthma...

..Oral lamivudine is generally well tolerated by children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis B, with a similar tolerability profile to placebo at the recommended once daily dosage of 3 mg/kg up to a maximum of 100 mg/day...

..Candidiasis, hoarseness/dysphonia, throat irritation and headache occurred more frequently with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate than with placebo in patients with COPD...

..The most common treatment-related adverse event was decreased appetite. Atomoxetine shows no abuse potential and is not a controlled substance in the US...

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..Clobetasol foam 7 g/day for 2 weeks induced reversible suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in 3 out of 13 patients (methodology of assessment not provided)...

..The drug is generally well tolerated in children with GERD. In the largest study, the most common treatment-related adverse events occurring during therapy were constipation and headache...

..Calcipotriol ointment is valuable as a first- or second-line therapy option for the management of mild to moderate psoriasis and in combination with other antipsoriatic agents for more severe psoriasis...

..Abciximab remains an important therapeutic option for the prevention of complications in patients with ischaemic heart disease...

..Formoterol delivered by Turbuhaler was well tolerated in pediatric patients, with respiratory infection being the most commonly reported adverse event...

..No opportunistic infections have been reported, nor is there evidence of an increased risk of malignancies...

..Thus, inhaled formoterol may be considered as a first-line option for the management of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD who require regular bronchodilator therapy for the management of symptoms...

..Significantly fewer losartan than atenolol recipients discontinued treatment because of adverse events, drug-related adverse events, or serious, drug-related adverse events...

..Flunisolide HFA was well tolerated in all trials. A long-term study found no suppression of adrenal function and minimal systemic effects were observed both in adults and children...

..Adverse events (incidence in memantine recipients greater than in placebo recipients) occurring in patients with moderately severe to severe dementia included diarrhoea, insomnia, dizziness, headache and hallucination...

..It is a suitable alternative for patients who are currently using topical antibacterials either alone or in conjunction with other topical anti-acne agents or systemic antibacterials...

..Nevertheless, ranolazine ER may well prove to be a useful alternative and adjunct to conventional hemodynamic antianginal therapy in the treatment of chronic stable angina...

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..Those that occurred less frequently with bosentan 125 mg twice daily than with placebo included dizziness, worsening of symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, cough and dyspnea...

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..These attributes can potentially promote patient compliance, an important factor in treatment success. Adapalene is, therefore, assured of a role in the first-line treatment of acne vulgaris...

..Pegfilgrastim should, likewise, permit simplification of G-CSF-based stem cell mobilization and transplantation procedures...

..Once-daily boosted saquinavir regimens may be most suitable for HIV-infected patients with busy lifestyles and those who would benefit from directly observed therapy...

..Thus, verteporfin therapy provides a valuable option for the management of these patients for whom treatment options are few, and should be considered as a first-line therapy in these difficult-to-manage conditions...

..02 both comparisons) fewer treatment-related adverse events or serious adverse events. The incidence of visual disturbances was significantly (p < 0.001) higher with voriconazole than amphotericin B treatment...

..Most patients preferred it to previously used MDIs or DPIs. Only 4-5% found the taste feedback unacceptable. Physicians observed improved compliance over 4 weeks in 80% of patients with asthma using Novolizer...

..The DPI combining a corticosteroid and long-acting beta2-agonist provides benefits over monotherapy and may encourage patient compliance in COPD...

..Thus, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate is an important option in the treatment of patients with COPD who are appropriate candidates for combination therapy with a long-acting bronchodilator and an inhaled corticosteroid...

..Intravenous esomeprazole was generally well tolerated in patients with erosive oesophagitis, with a tolerability profile similar to that of the oral formulation...

..Thus, paricalcitol is a useful option for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults and children with chronic renal failure...

..Cinacalcet HCl was generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity...

..IV ibandronate was generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Treatment-related adverse events included musculoskeletal events and transient influenza-like symptoms, the latter mainly associated with the first dose...

..On the basis of its favourable efficacy and tolerability profile and rapid onset of action, cetirizine provides an important option for the treatment of a wide range of allergic disorders...

..5/325 mg provided similar efficacy to that of codeine/paracetamol 30/300 mg in patients with chronic back pain in a 4-week, randomised, double-blind trial (a maximum of 10 tablets or capsules per day of the active drug)...

..In addition, the tolerability profile of entecavir was generally similar to that of lamivudine. Thus, entecavir is a primary option in the treatment of chronic HBV infection in both nucleoside-naive and lamivudine-refractory patients...

..Hence, given its overall efficacy/tolerability profile and dosage flexibility, oxybutynin ER provides an excellent treatment option in the first-line pharmacotherapy of OAB...

..Lansoprazole was generally well tolerated in children and adolescents, with the most common treatment-related adverse events being gastrointestinal events and headache...

..Esomeprazole was also effective in patients with symptomatic GORD. Thus, esomeprazole has emerged as an effective option for first-line therapy in the management of acid-related disorders...

..The optimal immunosuppression regimen is ultimately dependent on balancing such factors as the efficacy of the individual drugs, their tolerability, potential for drug interactions and pharmacoeconomic issues...

..Esomeprazole also proved beneficial in patients with symptomatic GORD without oesophagitis. Thus, esomeprazole has emerged as an option for first-line therapy in the management of acid-related disorders...

..Inhaled ciclesonide was generally well tolerated in patients with asthma. Ciclesonide did not suppress biochemical markers of adrenal function in 52-week studies. The long-term (>52 weeks) systemic effects of ciclesonide remain unknown...

..Thus, verteporfin therapy provides a valuable option for the management of these patients for whom treatment options are few, and should be considered as a first-line therapy in these difficult-to-manage conditions...

..Donepezil was generally well tolerated in patients with VaD. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in nature, with diarrhoea and nausea being the most common...

..Hence, entecavir therapy provides a valuable first-line option in nucleoside-naive patients with chronic HBV infection and is a useful alternative in lamivudine-refractory patients...

..Intramuscular paliperidone palmitate 39-234 mg was generally well tolerated in adult patients with schizophrenia...