Eduardo De Stefani

..To determine the role of meat consumption and related mutagens in the etiology of lung cancer, we conducted a case-control study among Uruguayan males in the time period 1996-2004...

..Red meat, lamb, and boiled meat were directly associated with the risk of ESCC, whereas total white meat, poultry, fish, and liver were mainly protective against this malignancy...

..4 (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.2-1.6), whereas lycopene displayed a strong protective effect (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.6-0.9). The possible role of these and other dietary constituents in esophageal carcinogenesis is discussed...

..91-4.40). The carbohydrates pattern was not associated with risk of lung cancer. Although nutrients could be important determinants in the etiology of lung cancer, stop smoking continue to be the major preventive measure for this disease...

..Because diet represents a complex set of highly correlated exposures, dietary patterns could be more explicative of the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus than the traditional reductionist approach...

..54, 95% CI 0.32-0.92) were significantly protective against this malignancy. The results suggests that adenocarcinoma of the lung could be considered a different nosologic entity, compared with the other histologies of lung cancer...

..Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a common disease, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 55 cases per 100,000 persons in the northern counties of Uruguay. These rates are comparable to those observed in Iran and China...

..The study allowed for the reproducibility of the prudent, drinker and Western patterns, whereas the traditional pattern appears to be country specific...

..90, 95 % CI 1.99-4.25, p-value for trend<0.0001), boiled red meat was mainly protective. We conclude that salted meat was the main risk factor. The mechanisms could be related to the content of N-nitroso compounds in salted meat...

..Previous studies have suggested that a high intake of salted meat may increase the risk of esophageal and stomach cancers, but the results are not conclusive...

..In order to explore the role of broader eating patterns in the etiology of prostate cancer, we conducted a principal components analysis among Uruguayan men...

..To determine the major dietary patterns associated with bladder cancer risk, we conducted a principal components analysis (PCA) in a case-control study from Uruguay...

..We conducted an additional case-control study in order to further explore the role of non-alcoholic beverages in bladder carcinogenesis...

..These results suggests that SCLC display the strongest relation with tobacco smoking than SCC...

..Our results raise the possibility that oral and pharyngeal carcinomas are in fact different entities. Further studies are needed in order to clarify this important point...

..0 (95% CI, 4.1-34.6). Our study confirms the important role of dietary factors in oral and pharyngeal cancer risk and suggests that the analysis of dietary patterns is a powerful tool to investigate the links between nutrition and cancer...

..47, 95% CI 0.34-0.67). The results of our study point towards an important role of fruits in the prevention of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus...

..It could be suggested that concerning tobacco and alcohol effects, supraglottic and glottic squamous cell cancers are probably distinct epidemiologic entities...

..Finally, filter use was not associated with any reduction in risk. It could be concluded that undifferentiated large cell carcinoma of the lung could be included among those lung tumors classified as Kreyberg I cancers...

..The role of foods and beverages has been studied in detail in order to establish probable risk factors for prostate cancer...

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..These findings suggest that wine drinking has a protective effect in adenocarcinoma of the lung, whereas hard liquor increases moderately the risk of this cell type of lung cancer...

..To explore the role of nutrient patterns in the etiology of breast cancer (BC) among Uruguayan women...

..17) as well as the fried white meat (OR=2.28) and Western patterns (OR 2.13). Ductal BC shared similar dietary risk patterns as those identified by studies not discriminating between histologic type of breast cancer...

..CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposures seem to play a limited role in causing lung adenocarcinoma among men in Uruguay. Employment as butcher was not confirmed as an important risk factor...

..Since herocyclic amines are formed in the well-done red meat through the action of amino acids and creatine, it is suggestive that this pattern could be an important etiologic agent for colorectal cancer...

..Low consumption of plant foods, and in a lesser degree, high consumption of red meat, total fat and cholesterol contribute to a high risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung...

..This study also suggests that the analysis of dietary patterns might be a useful approach for investigating nutritional factors implicated in laryngeal carcinogenesis...

..Furthermore, this study suggests that diets rich in vegetables and fruits and with low amounts of salty and starchy foods are recommendable for the prevention of gastric cancer...

..From a medical and ethical viewpoint, it is justified to recommend certain nutritional changes to women, because no adverse side effects are expected to occur...

..49, 95 % CI 0.28-0.57 for the traditional pattern). In conclusion, whereas the Western pattern was directly associated with colon cancer, the prudent pattern was strongly protective for rectal cancer...

..03, 95% CI 1.11-3.72) and high-fat (OR 2.72, 95%CI 1.16-6.37) dietary patterns. This finding could suggest that gene-dietary interaction could play an important role in breast carcinogenesis...

..The present results could contribute to define new high risk groups and individuals for primary as well as for secondary prevention, since this pattern linked to the metabolic syndrome is usually not considered for BC prevention...

..To explore possible relationships among blood factors, family history of breast cancer (BC) and the risk of the disease, a case-control study was carried out in Montevideo, Uruguay...

..Preventive strategies could broaden their scope if new studies confirm the present results, in view of the limited prevention measures that premenopausal BC currently has...