A Stewart

..Low body weight and poor mobility could be used as triggers for the use of preventive therapy without the use of bone mass measurements and to target expensive preventive therapy to reduce fracture risk...

..In conclusion, in perimenopausal or early postmenopausal women there is no relationship between the incidence of breast cancer and BMD, change in BMD or bone turnover...

..We found both DXA and QUS are able to predict both any fracture and "osteoporotic" fractures and that QUS can predict independently of BMD...

..This article reviews the capabilities of QUS and indicates its appropriate application in clinical practice, based on current review of the scientific literature...

..In conclusion, similar relationships are seen with QUS measurements as are found for bone mineral density. However, the strength of the association is dependent on the type of QUS device and variable measured...

..Groups of women at high risk of hip fracture can easily be identified in primary care and offered treatment, with realistic prospects of hip fracture prevention...

..Genetic work has sought to explain this association and this too is discussed. There is some indication that a higher bone density may not protect against fracture in these subjects, due to the increased risk of falls...

..An exception may be the Lunar Achilles "stiffness" parameter, but this can only be determined in a longitudinal, comparative treatment study...

..A new updated system of radiogrammetry has been developed: digitized X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR). We used this DXR system to identify whether changes seen in hand X-rays of RA patients can predict those who subsequently develop erosions...

..This form of screening may provide a cost-effective method to reduce falls and fractures in free-living elderly women. However, no such cost-effectiveness analysis has been performed to date...

..Bsm1 polymorphisms were associated with falls, balance and muscle power measurements. These results may explain some of the excess fracture risk associated with VDR in some studies...

..While peripheral DXA is highly effective for predicting older women who are at increased risk of future fracture, it has yet to be established as an effective method for targeting bisphosphonate or other therapy...

..The gene encoding oestrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) appears to regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and other determinants of osteoporotic fracture risk...

..Though these initial results were obtained from a limited data set, this study shows that ASM may be a powerful method to help identify individuals at risk of a hip fracture in the future...

..001), 15% in other osteoporosis treatments (p < 0.001) and a 25.9% reduction in fracture risk compared with control. Screening for osteoporosis significantly increases treatment use and reduces fracture incidence...

..05). This suggests that larger calf muscles may be protective against falling-possibly as a result of enhanced stability or greater neuromuscular control...

..Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene cause rare syndromes characterized by altered bone mineral density (BMD). More common LRP5 variants may affect osteoporosis risk in the general population...

....

..All QUS approaches discriminated women with and without osteoporotic vertebral fractures. QUS of the calcaneus performed as well as central DXA...

..Here we studied five common polymorphisms of VDR in relation to calcium intake and vitamin D status in a population-based cohort of 3100 British women, but found no significant association with bone mass, bone loss, or fracture...

..This article compares and combines methods for examining the external shape and the internal structure of the proximal femur with bone mineral density (BMD) to provide a classifier for hip fracture...

..The author, date, and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated...

..In the light of a recent review of education in genetics for health professionals, the Department of Health and The Wellcome Trust have commissioned a process to develop a programme of education for the United Kingdom...

..We studied five common polymorphisms of TGFB1 in relation to osteoporosis-related phenotypes in a population-based cohort of 2975 British women, but found no significant association with bone mass, bone loss, bone markers, or fracture...

..The ISCD Official Positions on QUS resulting from this PDC, the rationale for their establishment, and recommendations for further study are presented here...

..When the nested PCR/RFLP procedure was used to determine the persistence of viable and nonviable spores in soil, the results showed that nonviable spores were undetected after 8 wk whereas viable spores still could be detected at 17 wk...