Valerie Speirs

..The clinical management of male breast carcinoma is considered, in particular the potential role of aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant and targeting pathways involving prolactin and androgen receptor...

..The emphasis was clear: patient survival is the main priority and treatment of organ-specific cancer must inevitably be replaced by individualised tumour-specific therapy...

..Despite the present ambiguity, current data do suggest a potential benefit from use of phyto-oestrogens in breast cancer chemoprevention and therapy. These aspects are discussed...

..07). In conclusion, our data would support a role for ERbeta in the normal human mammary gland, where we propose it may be the dominant receptor...

..In this review, the significance of ER beta in the human breast is reviewed with respect to recent literature and its possible implications are discussed...

..These results lend further support to a role for ER-beta as a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer...

..In addition, we demonstrate how 17beta-oestradiol, a key driver of breast cancer development, affects the regulation of ERbeta expression at both transcriptional and translational levels...

..Presence of S105-ERbeta in breast cancer and association with improved survival, even in endocrine resistant breast tumors suggest S105-ERbeta might be a useful additional prognostic marker in this disease...

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..Importantly, we also demonstrate that 5'UTRs allow the first reported mechanisms for differential regulation of the expression of the ERβ isoforms 1, 2 and 5, and thereby have critical influences on ERβ function...

..This expression profile could be linked to epigenetic events, and if so, these pathways have potential as targets for therapeutic strategies based on reversal of epigenetic silencing...

..Our results define a potentially important mechanism for downregulation of ERbeta1 expression in breast cancer...

..The aim of this study was to determine the functional role of CEACAM6 in endocrine-resistant breast cancer and to retrospectively test whether it was predictive of resistance in a large cohort of breast cancers with long-term follow-up...

..These results suggest that loss of ER beta expression is one of the hallmarks of breast carcinogenesis and that it may be a reversible process involving methylation...

..Here, we outline the history of both ERs and discuss the implications ER beta has to patients with breast cancer...

..We have examined the prevalence and influence of nuclear β-catenin within the stromal fibroblasts of breast cancer...

..Microcephalin is an independent predictor of BCSS in invasive ductal breast cancer patients and may prove to be a useful biomarker for the identification of aggressive breast cancers...

..This is largely due to discordant data between mRNA and protein studies as well as failure to take into account the biologically distinct ERbeta isoforms and their heterogeneous expression profile...

..Our aim was to elucidate the prognostic significance of ERbeta1, ERbeta2, and ERbeta5 by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of breast carcinomas with long-term follow-up...

..Here we outline these changes and discuss what biological and clinical implications these could have in the mammary gland...

..Thus, ER beta may be a useful prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer...

..Our data confirm that loss of stromal Cav-1 in breast cancer predicts poor outcome. At a functional level, Cav-1-deficient CAFs are capable of significantly increasing the invasive capacity of breast cancer cells...

..Our results emphasise the need for further studies addressing the role of ERb to be based on a wider consensus on criteria for positivity. Ideally this should be based on calibration against clinical outcome...

..Based on our results, it appears that increased co-activator expression, in concert with alterations in genes associated with controlling cell proliferation and survival contribute to TAMr in breast cancer...

..This was reflected in 17-HSD type I activity. Thus, 17-HSD type I is constitutively expressed and active in normal and tumourous breast and can be regulated by IL-8...

..Here, we demonstrate for the first time, immunohistochemical detection of ERbeta in archival breast tumours...

..The aim of this study was to compare the cellular distribution of ER alpha and ER beta in normal human mammary gland...

..3, 22q13.1 approximately q13.2. These findings were supported by conventional cytogenetics and chromosome painting. The regions identified by CGH potentially harbor genes that could be important in the development of tamoxifen resistance...

..An alternative is to use cultures established from primary breast tumours. Here, we discuss the pros and cons of using both of these models in translational breast cancer research...

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..The membrane expression pattern of CSMD1 suggests that it may be a receptor or co-receptor involved in the process of signal transduction...

..With the incidence of male breast cancer increasing this provides impetus for further study...

..Here we describe our experience in establishing a large collection of male breast cancers in tissue microarray format suitable for biomarker analysis by immunohistochemistry...

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..This review sets out to identify the present state of knowledge regarding the clinicopathological role of ER beta isoforms and discusses possible reasons for conflicting results arising from recent research findings...

..Its presence may be a favourable prognostic marker in this disease and could explain the protective effect of oestrogens against colon cancer development...

..However, there is considerable variation between the specificity and application of these antibodies, highlighting the fact that careful optimization is required when selecting an antibody for use in a particular laboratory technique...

..The methodology described will have many applications in studies requiring a highly pure population of epithelial breast cancer cells, as well as wide use in other cancers...

..In conclusion, these results provide evidence for direct transcriptional activation of ERalpha by IL-6...

..In conclusion, we propose that these enzymes work in tandem with cytokines thereby providing sufficient quantities of bioactive oestrogen from less active precursors which stimulates tumour growth...

..However, these receptors may not be functional in all tumours...

..We conclude that eIF4E's influence on cancer survival is modulated substantially by 4E-BPs, and that combined pathway analyses can estimate functional eIF4E...

..However, the abundance of ERbeta expressed in this small series of male breast cancer is in contrast to female breast cancer where ERbeta expression is often reduced...

..This fall in VEGF may be an effect of progesterone and should be the focus of future studies...

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..Here we review the pros and cons of current methods of assessing angiogenesis, both clinical and in the laboratory, and discuss with respect to breast cancer...

..Therefore profiles of cytokine expression were determined in different human anterior pituitary adenoma sub-types...

..Here, we describe the different types of microarrays available and discuss their pros and cons from a clinical perspective, with respect to breast cancer...

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..However, the antiestrogen resistant phenotype was likely to be due to changes in gene expression and protein degradation rather than in altered gene copy number...

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