J M Rhodes

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..Systemic corticosteroids are effective in ulcerative colitis but commonly cause side effects...

..very different risks of cancer in chronically inflamed colon and inflamed joints imply that cancer development requires both NFkappaB activation, to inhibit apoptosis, and the presence of agents, such as bacteria, to initiate DNA damage?..

..This should prove a very fruitful area for future research with relevance to infectious, inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the epithelia...

..Intra-Golgi alkalinization affects mucin glycosylation, resulting in decreased mucin sulfation and increased expression of TF antigen, changes that mimic those seen in cancerous and premalignant human colonic epithelium...

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..This occurred in both UC and CD twins. The changes are probably acquired rather than congenital and may reflect "preinflammatory" NFkappaB activation...

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..Consequences of these changes may be relevant not only for cell-surface glycoconjugates but also for intracellular glycoconjugates...

..These studies show that CAM 17.1 binds to a sialic-acid-containing determinant of mucin, probably sialyl-I, which epitope shows wide distribution throughout the gastro-intestinal tract...

..We performed a randomised controlled double blind trial in patients with active CD comparing two single whole protein feeds with LCT supplying 5% or 30% of the total energy...

..Further evaluation is warranted...

..0 microM-4.5 microM]. Affinities were also calculated from the extent of binding at equlibrium and were generally similar to those calculated from the kinetic parameters indicating the true nature of these values...

..These findings support the hypothesis that the mucosal inflammation and mucus depletion seen in ulcerative colitis could result from interaction between bacterial peptides and the mucosa...

..CONCLUSIONS: These studies support a central role for mucosally adherent bacteria in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and colon cancer. Soluble plant fibers that inhibit their adherence have therapeutic potential...

..High dosages of corticosteroids may provide symptomatic relief in Crohn's disease but do not affect the long term natural history of the disease, and management strategies should avoid using steroids whenever possible...

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..This enabled us to identify a group of isolates from colon cancer (30-40 %) carrying multiple genes previously categorized as UPEC-specific and implicated in virulence...

..Mucosally adherent E. coli are found in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. They promote release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). We explored mechanisms for this release and its inhibition by drugs...

..Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from complex interactions between: host genome, immune system, mucosa, bacteria, and environment...

..It provides a mechanism by which dietary, microbial, or endogenous galactose-binding lectins could affect epithelial proliferation in the cancerous and precancerous colon...

..Colonic mucosa-associated E. coli, particularly CD isolates, replicate within macrophages. Clinical trials are indicated to assess the efficacy of a combination antibiotic therapy targeting intramacrophage E. coli...

..We have assessed the effect of soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) and food emulsifiers on translocation of Escherichia coli across M-cells...

..Crohn's disease is characterized by defective innate immune responses to intestinal bacteria. Clarithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has good penetration into macrophages...

..Incompletely differentiated sulfomucin rich gastric IM (type III) may have increased malignant potential. The types of sulfated oligosaccharide structures present in IM, BO, and colon have not been fully characterised...

..In conclusion, long-term feeding of low doses of lectin can influence pancreatic growth, and this trophic action may have potential adverse implications for the development of pancreatic cancer in humans...

..Crohn's disease (CD) is mimicked by inherited phagocyte disorders and is associated with circulating antibodies against yeast mannan (anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody; ASCA). We speculated that mannans might impair phagocyte function...

..This provides further evidence that the association between diet and colon cancer is mediated via specific food components and may explain the discrepant results of studies addressing the protective effects of fiber...

..Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors are a major advance in the management of inflammatory bowel disease but increase the risk for tuberculosis (TB)...

..To assess the safety and efficacy of the B lymphocyte (anti-CD20) antibody, rituximab, in the treatment of steroid-resistant moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC)...

..This suggests a critical role for circulating galectin-3 in cancer metastasis and highlights the functional importance of altered cell surface glycosylation in cancer progression...

..This provides insight into the molecular regulation of metastasis and has important implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention of metastasis...

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..This cytoplasmic form of Orp150 expresses the lectin carbohydrate ligand (sialyl-2,3-galactosyl-beta1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine-alpha) and is shown to be essential for nuclear localization sequence-dependent nuclear protein import...

..Neither smoking nor azathioprine usage was associated with increased risk for abscess. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic corticosteroid therapy for Crohn's disease is associated with increased risk for intra-abdominal or pelvic abscess...

..The observed association with meat and the negative association with pasteurized milk need further study...