R M Reynolds

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..Large-scale epidemiological and intervention studies are now underway, which should enhance our understanding and management of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes...

..Studies need to identify women at highest risk of excess GWG plus potential benefits of intense dietary and lifestyle counselling...

..Such findings open novel avenues for further exploration of the contribution of glucocorticoids to later life disease...

..The aim was to assess the characteristics of people with type 2 diabetes prescribed glucocorticoids in a real-world setting and to quantify resulting adverse effects...

..We sought to assess whether leptin is related to depressive symptoms in people with Type 2 diabetes...

..The prevalence of obesity among women of childbearing age is increasing. Emerging evidence suggests that this has long-term adverse influences on offspring health...

..The aim of the study was to examine ethnic differences in cortisol levels and to compare the relationships between cortisol levels and cardiovascular risk factors in men from different ethnic groups...

..People with type 2 diabetes are at increased cardiovascular disease risk and thus are suitable to study associations of plasma cortisol with cardiovascular risk...

..We have evaluated three urine 18-OHF methods using a panel of urine samples from patients with hypertension...

..This activation of the HPA axis is also associated with increased risk of development of diabetes and obesity in later life...

..Here, we review the literature regarding the role and physiological significance of kisspeptin in pregnancy and highlight some of the key questions that require addressing...

..We aimed to determine whether fasting cortisol levels are associated with cognitive ability and estimated lifetime cognitive change in an elderly population with type 2 diabetes...

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..This may be an important mechanism underpinning the effects of events in early life on later cardiovascular disease...

..18), who showed a lack of habituation to repeated plasma measurements. These data support the hypothesis that alterations in central regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may be important in glucose intolerance...

..This may be due to different sampling conditions, reflecting basal cortisol levels, vs. responsiveness of HPA axis activity, which may have diverse influences on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis...

..In animal models females are more sensitive than males to HPA axis programming, but whether gender influences susceptibility in humans is unknown...

..These data provide evidence that circulating endogenous glucocorticoids influence the rate of involutional bone loss in healthy individuals...

..Little is known about the reproducibility of this test, or whether the test can be combined with analysis of salivary cortisol which would offer a significant advantage over plasma in population studies...

..These results show that low birth weight is associated with raised fasting plasma cortisol concentrations. Increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may link low birth weight with raised blood pressure in adult life...

..We examined the prevalence of advanced liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes and analysed the effectiveness of liver function tests (LFTs) as a screening tool...

..The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for depression and anxiety in a well-characterised cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..To determine the prevalence and distribution of abnormal plasma liver enzymes in a representative sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes...

..The aim of this study was to characterise the maternal and placental inflammatory status and investigate associated changes in placental structure in obese women...

..However, the altered HPA response to feeding does not appear to be primarily responsible for HPA activation in subjects with the metabolic syndrome...

..To investigate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) on minor complications, associated additional medication use during pregnancy and the consequent cost implications...

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..A considerable homology exists between the retinal and cerebral microcirculations; a hypothesized association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline was examined in older people with type 2 diabetes...

..The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and dementia are set to rise inexorably over the next 30-40 years. There are now substantial data to suggest that type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia...

..We investigated whether this was mediated through bile acids acting to impair steroid clearance by inhibiting glucocorticoid metabolism by 5beta-reductase...

..The ultimate aim is to identify potential targets, which may be amenable to prevention or early intervention in order to improve the health of this and future generations...

..Low serum cortisol concentrations have been associated with adverse prognosis in critical illness of diverse etiology...

..Because raised fasting cortisol concentrations probably reflect a greater response to the stress of fasting and venesection, we suspected that this diet may have led to increased stress responsiveness in the adult offspring...

..In other organs, transport can be regulated in a steroid- and tissue-specific manner. Moreover, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) generates additional cortisol within adipose...

..When following up patients who have been treated for primary thyroid cancer, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for second primary cancers...

..Falling mortality in the face of increasing incidence reflects improvements in survival, which should improve further with the introduction and implementation of standardized treatment protocols...

..To investigate whether pregnancies with development of subsequent pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction are associated with altered levels of kisspeptin in maternal serum in the second trimester...