Petros Perros

..Therapeutic use of rhTSH may be considered in an increasing number of other cases...

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..The purpose of this study was to obtain data on orbital decompression procedures performed in England, classed by hospital and locality, to evaluate regional variation in care...

..Several drugs have been used. Systemic steroids seem to be beneficial in patients with active disease. The evidence for the remaining drugs reported to be potentially useful, is unconvincing...

..To determine management patterns among clinicians who treat patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) in Europe...

..To determine the prevalence of pernicious anaemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease...

..To assess prospectively the activity and effectiveness of a diabetes specialist on-call service...

..Radioiodine is an effective and safe treatment for hyperthyroidism but has been implicated as a risk factor for deterioration or new presentation of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Prophylactic glucocorticoids appear to prevent this effect...

..These results support a role of T cell in the pathogenesis of TAO, and show that octreotide-LAR has no effect on T-cell subsets during 32-weeks of treatment...

..Chronic hyperglycemia (inferred by the presence of background diabetic retinopathy) may affect brain structure and function...

..034, Spearman correlation). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose, pulsed intravenous MP is an effective medical treatment for severe TAO. Responders can be identified within the 1st week. Treatment response is inversely related to disease duration...

..Patients with TSH levels below the top quartile have a risk of thyroid dysfunction similar to the general population. It may be appropriate to stop annual thyroid screening in this group, although confirmation is required...

..Thyroglobulin antibodies should be measured in all patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and if positive, results should be interpreted with extreme caution...

..CONCLUSIONS: In this case of DKA, serum S-100beta concentration rose coinciding with the onset of cerebral oedema, before it became clinically evident. Monitoring serum S-100beta may have a useful role in the management of DKA...

..Unless a reproducible system of assessment is devised and widely adopted, it will remain difficult to interpret research meaningfully, particularly if results appear to contradict...

..We analysed, retrospectively, the presentation, management and outcome of patients who were admitted to our institution with phaeochromocytoma crises over a 5-year period...

..Conclusions: This large series suggests that the patients with classical pituitary apoplexy, who are without neuro-ophthalmic signs or exhibit mild and non-progressive signs, can be managed conservatively in the acute stage...

..The use of immunotherapies for the treatment of GO is currently being explored; of these, rituximab has emerged as a promising new agent...

..Smoking cessation is recommended at all disease stages. Treatment within a multidisciplinary team consisting of both endocrinologists and ophthalmologists may lead to optimal patient outcomes...

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..We are unable to confirm a role for CD40 in Graves' disease pathogenesis in our U.K. population, however, further studies involving larger patient cohorts and a saturated SNP marker map are required to resolve this issue...

..A recent consensus statement from the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy recommends referring all patients with thyroid eye disease (TED), except the mildest cases, to a specialist multidisciplinary clinic...

..This is the first description of Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with acute anterior pituitary failure in the absence of other organ involvement and negative serology...

..Neurone-specific enolase (NSE) and protein S-100 (S-100) may be used as markers of acute neuronal damage in humans with neurological disorders...

..This was accompanied by fewer hospitals undertaking thyroid surgery and more patients being operated on by surgeons who were members of the thyroid cancer multidisciplinary team...

..The improvements in both treated and placebo groups emphasize that the results of open studies must be viewed with caution...

..A small proportion of patients with thyroid orbitopathy have primary hypothyroidism or are euthyroid. Female patients outnumber males by 2-5 to 1. Smoking increases the risk of thyroid orbitopathy up to 8-fold...

..The APOE epsilon4 genotype is associated with specific cognitive disadvantage in young women with type 1 diabetes. APOE epsilon4 is unlikely to mediate susceptibility to hypoglycemia-induced cognitive disadvantage...

..Recent advances include better definition of factors predictive of response to treatment and the formulation of specific GC regimens that combine high efficacy with a low risk of unwanted side-effects...

..09 (P=.001). Linkage to this region has been demonstrated in type 1 diabetes (IDDM6), rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, which suggests that this locus may have a role in several forms of autoimmunity...

..Both mother and fetus may tolerate moderate thyrotoxicosis well in early pregnancy, an alternative that should be considered when thionamide drug therapy is contraindicated...

..To determine whether acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia provokes a detectable alteration in peripheral plasma endothelin (ET) concentrations in humans with Type 1 diabetes...

..026), between the markers D6S273 and TNFalpha. We demonstrate that the CTLA-4 locus (lambdas = 2.2) and the MHC locus (lambdas = 1.6) together confer approximately 50% of the inherited susceptibility to GD disease in our population...

..Therefore, we have analysed three CTLA4 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including promoter CTLA4(-318)C/T, exon 1 CTLA4(49)A/G and intron 1 CTLA4(1822)C/T in our GD cohort from the UK...

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..4) is likely to exist in the Xp11 region, but we are unable to confirm that the GD1 or the GD3 regions contain major susceptibility loci in our United Kingdom GD population...

..The European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy aims to overcome this and has designed a preliminary case record form (CRF) to assess Graves' orbitopathy patients. This form was used in this first multi-center study...

..This study was performed to determine clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) across Europe...

..Passive smoking seems to exacerbate autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in general, and may have a deleterious effect on childhood GO in particular, therefore avoidance of passive smoking is likely to be beneficial...

..Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with numerous diseases and aging...

..Previous investigations have also demonstrated that an intronic polymorphism (termed PD1.3; SNP ID rs11568821) in the programmed cell death (PDCD1) gene was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis...