J T O'Brien

..123)I-FP-CIT SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) can help in the differential diagnosis of probable dementia with Lewy bodies (Lewy body dementia) and Alzheimer's disease...

..This case has implications for the design of future studies using STI571 in leukemias involving ABL-encoded fusion proteins other than BCR-ABL...

..Such differences in untreated outcome need to be considered when interpreting trial results using outcome measures that were largely designed for studies of patients with AD...

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..Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of late-life dementia that can be difficult to differentiate from other disorders, especially Alzheimer disease (AD), during life. At autopsy the striatal dopaminergic transporter is reduced...

..The coadministration of simvastatin with imatinib (400 mg) was well tolerated and no major safety findings were reported in this study...

..There is a particularly strong relationship between cerebrovascular disease and depression...

..The paper also discusses some of the mechanisms that may contribute to the expression of the cognitive deficits in these disorders and their potential relationship with common causes of dementia...

..These changes are independent. Successful hypertension treatment was associated with reduced risk of WMH progression and possibly brain atrophy...

..Newer techniques show great promise to detect specific neuroreceptor changes as well as pathological underpinnings of dementia, such as amyloid and tau pathology...

..The authors found accelerating atrophy with increasing severity of cognitive impairment, further emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and intervention in dementia...

..Further study of the neurobiological basis of WML is needed. This can best be achieved by serial clinical assessment combined with in vivo and in vitro MRI and neuropathological examination...

..To compare the utility of temporal lobe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) scanning in discriminating between subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls...

..We conclude that a single cross-sectional measurement of MTL width on CT does not help differentiate between different types of dementia, though it may provide some supportive evidence when distinguishing depression from dementia...

..To determine the difference in outcome among elderly people with major depression who do and do not have severe white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging...

..001) compared to controls. In general the analysis technique is shown to be a robust, accurate and transferable tool of potential value for future studies of dementia and related neuro-degenerative disorders...

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..Pathologically, it is more strongly related to tangle rather than plaque or Lewy body pathology in the temporal lobe. It may have utility as a means for stratifying samples in vivo on the basis of putative differences in pathology...

..Case reports and clinical observations suggest that fluctuating cognition (FC) is common in the major dementias, particularly dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), where it is one of three core clinical diagnostic features...

..Few data are available regarding the natural course of psychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. To acquire this information is essential to inform differential diagnosis and treatment decisions...

..People with PD display attentional deficits; however, it is not clear whether attentional deficits in patients with non-demented PD are associated with (i) PIGD phenotype and/or (ii) subsequent cognitive decline...

..We investigated whether baseline severity of cerebral white-matter changes predict longer-term future depressive outcomes in a community sample of non-disabled older adults...

..In particular, PVH appear to be linked to atrophic processes involving ventricular enlargement and DWMH to ischaemic risk factors...

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..Dementia is common post stroke, but the potential role of early cognitive impairment and APOE epsilon4 as risk factors is unclear...

..Evidence from cross-sectional studies suggests a link between cerebral age-related white matter changes and depressive symptoms in older people, although the temporal association remains unclear...

..I-5IA-85380 binding was compared to corresponding regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in the same subjects...

..Comparison of dementia groups showed preservation of the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala in DLB relative to AD. Significant gray matter loss was also observed in the thalamus of AD patients compared to DLB...

..The association of depression with vascular risk factors is considered, as is the relationship between depression and cognitive deficits. There is a need for further investigation in this area...

..Brain perfusion deficits have been reported previously in subjects with Parkinson's disease in comparison with healthy controls...

..To quantify visual discrimination, space-motion, and object-form perception in patients with Parkinson disease dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..We hypothesized that ageing alone would not fully explain the increased neurocognitive impairment in late-life depression but that differences in the illness explain the greater decrements in memory and executive function...

..The authors investigated this association by determining whether intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a marker of ischemia-induced inflammation, is elevated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depression...

..To examine the relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 genotype, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in late-life dementias...

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..The perfusion deficits in PDD are similar those in DLB, and in a location associated with visual processing, and may be associated with the visuospatial perception deficits which are present in persons with DLB and PDD...

..To investigate this, we followed the pattern of cognitive impairments over time and examined the effects of current mood, remission status, age of depression onset and antidepressant (AD) treatment on these deficits...

..Therefore, the effect of L-dopa on the cognitive profile of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) is unclear...

..To investigate the relationship between cerebral blood flow and dementia in older stroke survivors and subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..To compare global and regional atrophy on MRI in subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), AD, vascular dementia (VaD), and normal aging. In addition, the relationship between APOE-epsilon4 genotype and volumetric indices was examined...

..001). Loss of cortical alpha 7 nicotinic receptors may contribute to hallucinations and delusional misidentification in DLB, with implications for treatment and understanding the mechanisms of psychotic symptoms in dementia...

..To assess normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) characteristics by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in elderly subjects...

..In a group of subjects more typical of late-life depression we did not identify any alterations in SERT density...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuropathological substrates underlying in vivo hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in autopsy confirmed neurodegenerative dementia cases...

..There are few data on the patterns and predictors of response to AChEI therapy in routine clinical practice. We therefore investigated clinical variables that may distinguish between AChEI responders and non-responders...

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..This may aid in the diagnosis of PSP. Further research is needed to determine spectroscopic changes in other dementias, to monitor how markers change with disease progression and to establish clinical utility...

..Carotid sinus syndrome (CSS) is a common cause of syncope in older persons. There appears to be a high prevalence of carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) but not in Alzheimer's disease...

..Postmortem tissue was investigated to determine whether late life depression was associated with atheromatous change in large and medium vessels and microvascular disease in the brain...

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..Galantamine may, therefore, help to reduce the overall burden and cost involved in caring for dementia patients. Taking all evidence into account, galantamine has the potential to become a first-line therapy for dementia...

..We investigated the effects of galantamine in patients with a diagnosis of probable vascular dementia or Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease...

..To recognize the potential effect of acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting medications on sleep quality when used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease and describe sleep outcomes for patients treated with galantamine...

..The results of this subgroup analysis indicate that galantamine is effective for long-term maintenance of the cognitive function in patients with AD + CVD and is safe and well tolerated in this patient population...

..CONCLUSIONS: Significant advantages were found in the treatment response to galantamine (versus donepezil) on cognition as measured by response rates on the MMSE and ADAS-cog/11...