David E Newby

..However, the role of angiotensin II, a key hormone regulating cardiovascular and renal function, in the regulation of peripheral vascular tone has not been fully characterised...

..The aim of the study was to assess the effect of pregnancy on the acute release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the endothelium...

..We suggest that the adverse prognosis associated with elevated plasma t-PA concentrations relates to the underlying causative association with vascular inflammation and injury...

..The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two short-acting nitrates, GTN and amyl nitrite, which have differing pharmacodynamic profiles...

..We investigated the contribution of the B1 receptor to the maintenance of vascular tone and t-PA release in patients with heart failure...

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..Controlled human exposure studies have demonstrated impaired vascular function after inhalation of exhaust generated by a diesel engine under idling conditions...

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..These data show that there are no prothrombotic changes in fibrin clot structure in young, healthy individuals exposed to diesel exhaust...

..We evaluated computed tomography as a non-invasive means of assessing graft patency...

..The Generation Scotland: Donor DNA Databank (GS:3D) aims to help solve this problem by providing a resource of control DNA and plasma samples accessible for research...

..In particular, statins and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors appear to hold promise but definitive evidence from large clinical trials is awaited...

..To assess acute tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release in vivo in patients with hypercholesterolaemia in the presence and absence of lipid lowering treatment and in matched normocholesterolaemic controls...

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..Hirschsprung's disease is associated with defects in the endothelin-3 and endothelin B receptor genes...

..The aim of the study was to establish the influence of proximal coronary artery atheroma and smoking habit on the stimulated release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) from the heart...

..This study sought to assess the contribution and action of nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in peripheral resistance vessels of patients with syndrome X...

..Using the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NG-monomethylarginine (L-NMMA), we examined the contribution of endogenous nitric oxide to substance P-induced t-PA release in vivo in man...

..To determine directly the contribution of angiotensin II to basal and sympathetically stimulated peripheral arteriolar tone in patients with heart failure...

..Smoking is a known risk factor for arterial thrombosis and myocardial infarction, and it causes endothelial dysfunction. We therefore examined the effects of cigarette smoking on substance P-induced tPA release in vivo in humans...

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..Patients with type 3 vWD appear to have a generalised failure to release t-PA acutely despite a normal interleukin-6 response to desmopressin infusion...

..This model should provide a useful and selective method of assessing the in vivo capacity of the forearm endothelium to release t-PA acutely...

..The aims of the study were to establish the roles of angiotensin II and of the cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex in the regulation of peripheral vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis...

..We sought to test the hypothesis that cigarette smoking adversely alters protease-activated receptor type 1 (PAR-1)-mediated vascular effects in vivo in humans...

..Given the tonic interaction between the ET and NO systems, we conclude that diesel exhaust inhalation alters vascular reactivity to ET-1 probably through its effects on NO bioavailability...

..Using B9340, a bradykinin receptor antagonist, we determined the contribution of bradykinin to the systemic hemodynamic effects of long-term ACE inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure...

..Blood flow and t-PA release were unaffected by B1 agonism or antagonism in the presence and absence HOE-140. Our findings do not support a role for crosstalk between the B1 and B2 kinin receptors in the human peripheral circulation...

..The effects of IR injury and preconditioning on endothelium-dependent tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release, an important mediator of endogenous fibrinolysis, remain unknown...

..In keeping with previous data, bradykinin-mediated tissue plasminogen activator release was augmented in the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition consistent with its putative vascular protective effect...

..The aim of the present study was to establish whether an exhaust particle trap could prevent these adverse cardiovascular effects in men...

..To examine the effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation in adults with and without type 1 diabetes...

..An increased understanding of the mediators and mechanisms of these processes is necessary if we are to develop strategies to protect individuals at risk and reduce the effect of air pollution on cardiovascular disease...

..It is unclear whether such associations relate to the presence of COPD or prior smoking habit...

..These findings suggest that glucocorticoids do not exert acute effects on endothelial function in vivo in humans...

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..We assessed the direct effects of local intra-arterial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, and endotoxin on blood flow and endogenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release in vivo in humans...

..We hypothesised that pulmonary exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) would cause endothelial dysfunction in rats as a consequence of pulmonary and systemic inflammation...

..The aim of the present study was to determine the direct vascular actions of PAR-1 agonism in humans...

..These findings suggest that the beneficial clinical and vascular effects of ACE inhibition may, in part, be mediated through local augmentation of bradykinin-induced t-PA release...

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..We conclude that the adverse vascular actions of smoking are not principally mediated through oxidative stress...

..Long-term, large-scale, randomized, controlled trials are needed to establish the role of statin therapy in patients with calcific aortic stenosis...

..It is unclear whether these effects are mediated through combustion-derived particulate matter or gaseous components, such as nitrogen dioxide...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the endothelium in the vascular actions of protease-activated receptor type 1 (PAR-1) activation in vivo in man...

..In addition, enhanced vasodilatation to ET(A) receptor antagonism in cirrhosis cannot be entirely attributed to NO release but is likely to be related to reversal of direct ET-1 mediated tone...

..Magnetic resonance imaging using ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide can detect cellular inflammation in tissues, and we therefore explored their role in acute MI in humans...

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..We assessed whether endothelial fibrinolytic capacity predicts atherothrombotic events in patients with coronary heart disease...

..We conclude that iNOS activity does not contribute to peripheral vascular tone in patients with symptomatic heart failure...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo the effects of acute systemic inflammation on the endogenous fibrinolytic capacity in men...

..The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of diesel exhaust inhalation on platelet activation and thrombus formation in men...

..In conclusion, there are significant haemodynamic differences between selective ET-A and dual ET-A/B blockade, which may determine responses in individual patients...

..Overall, one in 12 patients met the criteria for myocardial infarction. Whether these patients would benefit from further cardiac investigation is unknown...

..Endothelin (ET)-1 vasoreactivity was assessed in the peripheral circulation of patients with NPG...

..We hypothesized that perioperative dual antiplatelet therapy would improve biomarkers of atherothrombosis without causing unacceptable bleeding in patients undergoing surgery for critical limb ischemia...

..Interaction between inflammatory cells and activated platelets is important in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and may contribute to cardiovascular risk in patients with COPD...

..001) with a rapid onset and offset of action. CONCLUSIONS: B9340 is a potent, reversible, and selective competitive receptor antagonist of bradykinin-induced vasodilatation and t-PA release in humans...

..We investigated the haemodynamic effects of locally and systemically active doses of BMS-193884, an endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor selective ERA, and its influence on vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 (ET-1) in healthy men...

..Exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We previously demonstrated that exposure to dilute diesel exhaust causes vascular dysfunction in humans...

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..Air pollution exposure increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is a major global public health concern...

..It remains to be established whether augmentation of connexin 43 communication improves endothelial function in patients with vascular disease...

..The aim of this study was to develop and validate a clinical decision rule (CDR) to predict 1-month serious outcome and all-cause death in patients presenting with syncope to the emergency department...

..This study was undertaken to determine the effect of diesel exhaust inhalation on heart rhythm and heart rate variability in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease...

..We sought to determine the effect of surgery and vascular disease on platelet and monocyte activation in vivo in patients with CLI...

..The long-term effects of nicotine exposure, including the potential to cause depletion of endothelial t-PA stores, now needs to be assessed...

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..Diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) is a key arbiter of the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution...

..Nitric oxide release is a major contributor to vasopressin-induced vasodilation but does not directly oppose low-dose vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction...

..Our findings also suggest that, in contrast to cardiovascular disease, patients with liver cirrhosis do not have marked endothelial dysfunction...

..001), which remained independent after adjusting for confounding factors. In healthy individuals, a decline in endothelial function is associated with increased large artery stiffness, wave reflections, and central pulse pressure...

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..This study was designed to establish the direct vascular effects of apelin in vivo in man...

..These effects may contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes of pregnancy and preeclampsia...

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..The study aim was to investigate the effects of diesel exhaust inhalation on vascular and endothelial function in humans...

..Our findings are consistent with the suggestion that central aortic stiffness may promote the development of coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease...

..Both structural and functional abnormalities are associated with negative remodeling that may contribute to the adverse effects of such lesions...

..We conclude that DEP has only modest direct endothelial effects. In contrast, proinflammatory cytokines released from particle-laden MDMs appear to exacerbate endothelial activation after DEP exposure...

..We aimed to determine whether treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would improve subjective and objective measures of heart failure severity in patients with CHF and OSA...

..The aim of this study was to assess the systemic and portal haemodynamic effects of selective ET-A and ET-B receptor antagonism in patients with cirrhosis...

..We conclude that urotensin II is unlikely to have a physiological role in the short term regulation of vascular tone or blood pressure in man. Further confirmatory studies with urotensin II receptor antagonists are required...

..This may contribute to the primary mechanism of the anti-ischemic effects associated with long-term ACE inhibitor therapy...

..These data should also provide useful information to determine the power of early clinical pharmacology studies investigating the activity of endothelin receptor antagonists...

..Low serum cortisol concentrations have been associated with adverse prognosis in critical illness of diverse etiology...

..CONCLUSION: The prolonged effects of SNVP at sites of endothelial damage suggest that novel S-nitrosothiols might offer a means of targeted delivery of an antiplatelet agent to areas of vascular injury...

..This suggests that, in contrast to big endothelin-1[1-38], plasma endothelin-1[1-31] is unlikely to be a useful prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure...

..Calcific aortic stenosis may have common etiological factors with atherosclerosis...

..The current study aimed to compare thoracic bioimpedance (COTB) with thermodilution (COTD) in patients with stable chronic heart failure...

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..Our data suggest that remodelled segments are predominantly composed of fibrous plaque, as identified by RF analysis, although plaque composition is similar, irrespective of the remodelling type...

..Immunohistochemistry demonstrated Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 expression in the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. In pregnant women, EDHF-mediated vasorelaxation of subcutaneous resistance arteries is dependent on Cx43 and gap junctions...

..The potential role of novel therapeutic interventional strategies is discussed...

..In contrast to skeletal muscle resistance vessels, ET-1([1-21]) contributes to the maintenance of skin microvascular tone through both ET(A) and ET(B) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction...

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..The investigation of endothelial fibrinolytic function has the potential to provide major new insights into the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, and to shape future therapeutic interventions...