G I Murray

..The different stages of tumour development that are potentially regulated by the hnRNPs along with their aberrant expression profiles in tumour tissues will also be discussed...

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..The aim was to identify novel 5FU resistance mechanisms and qualify these as candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets...

..02). The identification of individual MMPs in oesophageal cancer provides a rational basis for use in the treatment of oesophageal cancer of MMP inhibitors which are currently undergoing clinical trial...

..The tumour-specific expression of P450 provides the basis for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies...

..The aim was to define the P450 expression profile in breast cancer and establish the significance of P450 expression in this tumour type...

..In humans CYP1B1 is overexpressed in tumor cells, and this has important implications for tumor development and progression and the development of anticancer drugs specifically activated by CYP1B1...

..Through their appropriate application they have provided significant new insights into cell biology and pathology...

..These results provide the basis for the development of novel methods of cancer diagnosis based on the identification of CYP1B1 in tumor cells and the development of anticancer drugs that are selectively activated in tumors by CYP1B1...

..05). These results show that both TCP1 beta and TCP1 epsilon are over-expressed in colorectal cancer and indicate a role for TCP1 beta and TCP1 epsilon in colorectal cancer progression...

..These results suggest that a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor is worthy of evaluation as a therapeutic method of reducing tumor invasion and metastasis in stage II NSCLC...

..Although genomic change in CRC is relevant to the survival of patients with Dukes' C CRC, careful analysis is required to identify cell lines which are representative models of CRC genomics...

..The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are strongly implicated in tumour invasion and metastasis...

..05). These results indicate that while EGFR overexpression is a common event in colorectal carcinogenesis, it does not influence patient prognosis...

..In conclusion, this study has shown that individual annexins are present in colorectal cancer, specific annexins are overexpressed in colorectal cancer and the annexin expression profile is associated with survival...

..The presence of CYP3A in renal cell cancer might be important in the metabolic potentiation as well as the detoxification of chemotherapeutic agents used to renal cancer...

..In addition, PCNA-labeling indices between paired samples were neither consistently higher nor lower, suggesting that the proliferative capacity of tumor cells is not directly related to their ability to metastasize...

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..This study demonstrates that loss of L-FABP occurs at the adenoma stage of colorectal tumour development and also indicates that L-FABP is a marker of colorectal cancer differentiation...

..005 Spearman's rank correlation test). In contrast no detectable CYP1B1 was found in normal ovary...

..There was no correlation between hnRNP K and p53 expression, however, patients who presented tumours that were positive for hnRNP K and p53 had a poorer survival outcome (P=0.045)...

..This study is the first to indicate that the presence of CYP1B1 in cells decreases their sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of a specific anticancer drug...

..The results obtained indicate that several anticancer agents inhibit CYP1B1 activity. Drug inactivation by CYP1B1 may represent a novel mechanism of resistance, influencing the clinical outcome of chemotherapy...

..05 in each case), suggesting that c-erbB-2 is not a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer...

..The high tumor:normal tissue ratio supports further interest in base excision repair, through UDG, as a potential source of fluoropyrimidine resistance in colorectal cancer...

..CONCLUSION: A method for performing two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry using laser capture microdissected tissue has been developed...

..Our aim was to study correlations between survival, disease recurrence, and p53 protein expression in a well defined population-based series of vulval squamous cell carcinoma and immediate adjacent epithelial skin changes...

..02). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that MMP-13 is frequently present and active in colorectal cancer and suggest that the activity of MMP-13 is associated with poorer survival in colorectal cancer...

..43; 95% CI=0.99-11.77). While independent confirmation is required in further studies, these results provide a potential tool to assist prediction strategies for this important disease...

..To assess cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in sporadic colonic adenomas and to explore the association of COX-2 positivity with adenoma characteristics linked to increased risk of malignant transformation...

..Changes in the expression of individual annexins are associated with particular types of tumour and hence the annexins may also be useful biomarkers in the clinic...

..This new technology will give much-needed insight into the molecular mechanisms of tumour development and progression...

..0266), but it was not an independent predictor of survival. These results suggest that loss of control of cell-cycle checkpoints is a common occurrence in colorectal tumours and may be an important therapeutic target...

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..This suggests the presence of co-ordinated regulation of these pyrimidine metabolic enzymes and offers a strategy for optimising the use of pyrimidine-based chemotherapy...

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..As a large degree of the variation in tumour DPD activity is not explained by PMNC activity, more accurate alternatives are needed before DPD activity can be used for targeting 5-FU therapy...

..014). Women with ACC also had significantly higher HPV DNA copy number per cell compared to the control group (P=0.00007). Higher HPV DNA copy number is associated with risk of developing ACC...

..Taken together, these advances hold the promise of an improved understanding of the molecular biology of NSCLC and its treatment, which in turn will lead to improved outcomes for this deadly disease...

..Therefore, to understand their role in tumor invasion, it is necessary to evaluate them collectively...

..There was a trend toward poorer survival in patients whose cancers had either gain or loss of ZNF217...

..Loss of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in stromally invasive tumour may reflect a particular role for MMP-2 at the BAC stage, with later down-regulation of this particular enzyme...

..The therapeutic strategy, which is at the most advanced stage of development, is a CYP1B1-based vaccine which has already successfully completed a Phase I clinical trial...

..Several P450s show increased expression in colorectal cancer. High expression of CYP51 or CYP2S1 were associated with poor prognosis and CYP51 is an independent marker of prognosis...

..The purpose of this review is to outline the novel therapeutic options and opportunities arising from both enhanced endogenous expression of cytochrome P450 in tumors and cytochrome P450-mediated gene therapy...

..In addition, the expression pattern of CYP1B1 mRNA and protein in the MOG-G-CCM cells highlights this cell line as a potential model for studying CYP1B1 expression in human tissue...

..Our experimental approach emphasises the analytical power of combining proteomics with tissue microarray analysis in the context of a well-defined tumour database...

..This is the first direct identification of an individual P450 subfamily in the pituitary gland and the presence of CYP3A in the pituitary gland may play a role in regulating growth hormone secretion...

..Specific activation of pro-drugs by isoforms whose expression or particular catalytic activity is limited to cancer cells offers the possibility of truly targeted chemotherapy with minimized systemic toxicity...

..The presence of detectable CYP1B1, which is capable of metabolising anticancer drugs in tumour cells, highlights a novel target for therapeutic intervention...

..The distribution of individual P450s in different regions of human brain is likely to be highly important in determining the response of the brain to toxic foreign compounds...

..Roles in pathways involved in early tumour development are also being identified for this system, and the aim of this study was to define the expression profile of the major MMPs and TIMPs in colorectal polyp cancers...

..Topo I expression now needs to be evaluated in patients undergoing topo I-inhibitor therapy, to better define the role of this protein as a predictive marker...

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..Additional investigations may shed light on the mechanistic impact of the mitotic spindle checkpoint pathway in colorectal tumor initiation and progression...

..05 in all cases). Discordance in TS protein levels between primary and secondary tumours demonstrates the danger of predicting outcome after chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer from the primary tumour...

..27; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-4.48; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified an immunohistochemical marker profile of colorectal cancer and showed that it is an independent indicator of prognosis in this type of cancer...

..Expression of CYP2A/2B or CYP4Z1 in primary ovarian cancer were independent markers of prognosis...

..Our results show that HPV type 16 is present in endocervical adenocarcinoma cells...

..This chapter provides an overview of the different laser-based microdissection systems and an introduction to the principles involved in the function and applications of these individual systems...

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..Nerve fibers can exert trophic/anti-trophic effects on epithelial cells. Substance P (SP) is a pro-proliferative neuropeptide, whereas sympathetic noradrenaline is anti-proliferative at high concentrations...

..Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a pivotal role in liver fibrosis and stimulating their apoptosis could be an effective treatment for liver fibrosis...

..The CYP3A4 variant allele identified men with BPH who are at increased risk of progressing to PRCa (odds ratio 6.3, 95% CI 2.3-17.3), providing a potential tool to assist prediction strategies for this disease...

..This commentary provides a detailed overview of the regulatory mechanisms, structure, and function of human MMP-13 and highlights the key factors involved in the biology of this important molecule...

..To evaluate the viability of further research efforts targeting this antigen, we examined the expression of CYP1B1 in glial cell malignancies...

..Spectral imaging microscopy has highlighted differences in CYP1B1 protein expression between different cancers...

..We examined whether RKIP expression in primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) correlates with the risk of metastasis and overall survival...

..This study used a case-control design to assess the predictive value of 3 polymorphisms in VDR (TaqI and FokI) and HER-2 (Val655Ile) to determine the risk of developing PRCa in patients with BPH...