N Marlow

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..There was a lack of evidence available relating to use of a monetary incentive to improve the response rate in the healthcare setting...

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..The long term outcome of children entered into neonatal trials of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) or conventional ventilation (CV) has been rarely studied...

..Birth before 26 weeks of gestation is associated with a high prevalence of neurologic and developmental disabilities in the infant during the first two years of life...

..Studies of very preterm infants have demonstrated impairments in multiple neurocognitive domains. We hypothesized that neuromotor and executive-function deficits may independently contribute to school failure...

..Adverse cognitive and educational outcomes are often ascribed to perinatal hypoxia without good evidence...

..The development of some form of national coordination of network activities and greater sharing of good practice would enhance the value of the managed clinical neonatal networks...

..This review looks at outcomes of premature birth at various stages of life with a view to developing and benchmarking perinatal services...

..CONCLUSION: Male sex is a pervasive risk factor for poor outcome at extremely low gestations. Avoidable or effective treatment factors are identified, which may indicate the potential for improving outcome...

..To determine the occurrence of respiratory morbidity during infancy after very premature birth and to identify risk factors...

..CONCLUSION: Lung function at follow up of prematurely born infants is influenced by sex...

..To evaluate the outcome for all infants born before 26 weeks of gestation in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. This report is of survival and complications up until discharge from hospital...

..To determine the efficacy of a neonatal parenting intervention for improving development in very preterm infants...

..In the original trial, there were advantages in the duration of oxygen and the prevalence of chronic lung disease for those assigned to receive CNEP...

..Improving early growth must be a priority for clinical care...

..CONCLUSION: The small advantage shown at 2 years of age is no longer detectable at 5 years. These results question the effectiveness of early intervention in enhancing cognitive, behavioural, and motor function at 5 years...

..Preterm children are at risk for reduced growth in early childhood, which may predispose them to later changes in blood pressure (BP)...

..1 kPa/l/s (limits of agreement -0.28 to 1.44 kPa/l/s). CONCLUSION: The poor agreement between Rint and Raw results suggests that Rint measurements cannot substitute for plethysmographic measurements in sedated prematurely born infants...

..Trough levels should be carefully monitored and consideration given to extending dosage intervals particularly when netilmicin is administered once daily to preterm infants in the first week of life...

..Preterm survivors are at high risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The diagnostic utility of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) in screening for ASD was assessed in extremely preterm children at 11 years of age...

..It is useful for outcome measurement, developmental screening, and facilitating parental involvement at follow-up...

..Test-retest reliability was demonstrated and accuracy of parent reporting was not affected by sociodemographic factors. Our questionnaire provides a valid outcome measure for use in randomized trials or large population surveys...

..To explore the opinions of different healthcare professionals about the use of interventions and outcome in extremely preterm labour...

..Parental reports are also discussed and key guidelines for developmental testing at 2 years are provided...

..To evaluate the influence of parenting intervention on maternal responsiveness and infant neurobehavioural development following a very premature birth...

..To assess functional disability in children born before 26 weeks of gestation at 11 years of age and the stability of findings in individuals between 6 and 11 years of age...

..Implications for research and practice are discussed...

..Because early childhood assessments have limited predictive value, we reevaluated them...

..Expected links between overactive/impulsive behaviour and inhibitory control were not identified, suggesting the nature of such difficulties may be different in VPT compared to term children...

..The aim is to clarify the relationship between poor fetal growth and abnormal brain development in order to understand the research directions required to untangle this complex issue...

..To determine if chest radiograph appearance at 28 days or 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) can predict recurrent wheeze or cough at follow up in prematurely born infants more effectively than readily available clinical data...

..The experience of our study indicates that future studies of neonatal interventions with the potential to influence later morbidity should be designed with longer-term outcomes in mind...

..Interventions to prevent cerebral palsy or to reduce these late disabilities in very preterm children are needed...

..These data support a role for IL-6 in the genesis of neurologic impairment in such children...

..Our objective was to determine whether the CC genotype is associated with worse early illness severity, neurologic injury, and lower developmental scores among surviving preterm children...

..Children who fail to demonstrate catch-up growth have a high risk of long-term growth problems. There is evidence of impaired growth hormone activity in some children with FGR who have persistent poor growth in the postnatal period...

..The absence of long-term effect should not impede the introduction of these simple, low-cost humane measures...

..CONCLUSION: In infants who require a chest radiograph for clinical purposes at 7 days, the chest radiograph appearance can facilitate prediction of outcome of infants born very prematurely...

..2 (6.0) versus 33.9 (8.0) breaths/minute. We conclude that early use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in very preterm infants appears to offer no advantage over CV in terms of pulmonary function at follow-up...

..This project confirms that multi-national online education in neonatology is feasible and transferable, but for this approach to be viable formal accreditation and protected time for both trainees and tutors are required...

..We tested the hypothesis that the IL-6 -174 GG genotype, associated with lower IL-6 response to inflammation, is also associated with the development of septicemia in preterm infants...

..To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children...

..Assessment of long-term effects will require additional follow-up...

..There may be increased systolic blood pressure and a greater likelihood of developing asthma in childhood after postnatal dexamethasone treatment...

..To determine whether language and educational problems are specific or due to general cognitive deficits in children born at 25 weeks' gestation or less...

..Previous assessments of the economic impact of preterm birth focussed on short term health service costs across the broad spectrum of prematurity...

..The goal was to test whether extremely preterm children have more pervasive behavior problems than classroom peers, by using parent and teacher consensus reports. Is there an excess number of extremely preterm boys with behavior problems?..

..29, P=0.61 at 36 weeks PMA). CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with high frequency oscillatory ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation having similar effects on pulmonary function in very prematurely born infants...

..Intensive care data were prospectively obtained. Primary analysis was by Mann-Whitney U and chi(2) tests...

..We conclude that clinical factors, particularly indicators of severe morbidity, dominate the correlates of vocabulary acquisition at age 2 in children born very preterm...

..Further savings could be made if a selective 'single embryo transfer' policy were to be adopted...

..To determine whether abnormalities of lung volume and/or airway function were associated with wheeze at follow-up in infants born very prematurely and to identify risk factors for wheeze...