Gregory Yh Lip

..The appropriate administration of thromboprophylaxis in AF patients would need to balance the risks and benefits of antithrombotic therapy with its cost-effectiveness...

..Adding CKD to the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc stroke risk scores did not independently add predictive information...

..Our aim was to identify the risk factors that contribute to stroke risk in atrial fibrillation, although patients were taking OACs in a clinical trial setting...

..The impact of apixaban versus aspirin on ischemic stroke and major bleeding in relation to the CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc stroke risk scores in atrial fibrillation has not been investigated...

..Although there are differences in outcome between PROBE and double blind trials, they do not appear to be design-related. The exacting requirements of double-blinding in AF trials may not be necessary...

..Experience varied widely, and this was reflected in the wide range of thromboembolic and procedural (tamponade, bleeding) complications reported by the respondents to this EP wire survey...

..In conclusion, based on this modelling exercise, the utilisation of apixaban and dabigatran for thromboprophylaxis could provide a profound annual mathematical net clinical benefit on stroke and major bleeds, in European AF patients...

..The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the published literature on the epidemiology of AF in other regions...

..Monitoring, reversal, and perioperative management are areas which require further investigation to enhance our ability to safely and effectively utilise the new agents...

..Novel oral anticoagulants that offer a different risk-benefit profile compared with warfarin may appear as an attractive therapeutic option, but this would need to be confirmed in clinical trials...

..New oral anticoagulants that offer a different risk-benefit profile compared with warfarin may appear as an attractive therapeutic option, but this would need to be confirmed in clinical trials...

..The Consensus Statement and its background papers are recommended reading for the development of local guidelines for management, and for the management of individual patients...

..In conclusion, we present a sensitive protocol for the analysis of circulating and in vitro induced small-size PMPs that might contribute to future cardiovascular and clinical research...

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..These changes could reflect the role of these factors in post-MI myocardial healing. Monocyte-platelet interactions are independently associated with the regulation of the fibrinolytic status in ACS...

..The results of this survey show variation in clinical practice, but reassuringly some consistency with guidelines and consensus recommendations on the management of periprocedure (devices, ablation) antithrombotic therapy...

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..Patients with ≥ 1 stroke risk factors can be considered for oral anticoagulation. These novel, fixed-dose drugs are given without monitoring, so clinicians must learn to balance stroke and bleeding risks...

..Using 'real world' data, our modelling analysis has shown that when the risk of bleeding and stroke are both high, all three new drugs appear to have a greater net clinical benefit compared to warfarin...

..The availability of non-pharmacological approaches, such as ablation, has allowed additional options for the management of atrial fibrillation in patients who are unsuitable for or intolerant of drug approaches...

..Further agents with antiplatelet properties are being investigated at present. This overview aims to give insights into the rapidly changing field of antiplatelet strategies in cardiovascular diseases...

..We provide recommendations for antithrombotic treatment based on net clinical benefit for patients with AF at varying levels of stroke risk and in a number of common clinical scenarios...

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..Regardless of approach, continuous therapeutic anticoagulation is crucial for stroke prevention. This review addresses the findings of these studies and their implications for clinical management of patients with atrial fibrillation...

..The aim of the study was to translate and validate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale into Punjabi...

..We also determined the diagnostic accuracy of translated versions of the ECQ in 1st generation South Asian UK migrants, as this has not been investigated before...

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..Examining the non-genetic influences in future hypertension research may be necessary in order to clearly define the local blood pressure demographics and the global hypertensive disease burden...

..Adherence to medication is important for blood pressure control, but poor adherence is common. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-care behaviours in patients attending a secondary care hypertension clinic...

..Dietary intervention is an important and first line approach to manage increased CHD risk. However, there is limited information on the impact of the South Asian diet on CHD risk...

..AF detection rates in systematically screened and opportunistically screened populations in the intervention practices were compared to AF detection rate in 5,000 patients in the control practices...

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..0 to 3.0). AF patients possess limited knowledge of their disease and warfarin treatment and this can impact on INR control. Education can improve patients' understanding of warfarin therapy and factors which affect INR control...

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..Electrophysiological approaches could hold some promise for a curative approach in atrial fibrillation...

..In this article, the evidence for AF treatment trial of antithrombotic therapy is reviewed. Stroke risk stratification of patients with AF is discussed, and practical recommendations for thromboprophylaxis are presented...

..Possible barriers to the uptake of anticoagulation therapy are also discussed...

..To compare the effectiveness of aspirin, warfarin, and ximelagatran as thromboprophylaxis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)...

..The agreement between the two methods appears to weaken in healthy controls, and at lower and higher absolute CEC counts...

..This study determined the additive role of plasma vWf levels to clinical factors for risk stratification in patients with AF...

..Aims: Review of cases of patients with nonvalvular AF undergoing PCI in our hospital, either as an elective case or following acute coronary syndrome (ACS)...

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..The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of bleeding in a cohort of anticoagulated patients and to evaluate the predictive value of several bleeding risk stratification schemas...

..Despite several developments in antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic and device-based cardiac therapies, few noteworthy antiarrhythmic drugs have been developed...

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..The risk of thrombosis-related complications on disruption of anticoagulation may be higher than the risk of significant bleeding by continuing its use for most types of ophthalmic surgery...

..Nonetheless, identification of patients at high risk of bleeding and delineation of conditions and situations associated with bleeding risk can help to refine antithrombotic therapy to minimize bleeding risk...

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..The aim of the review article is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the clinical epidemiology of stroke in AF, stroke (and bleeding) risk assessments and the current provision of thromboprophylaxis for patients with AF...

..Finally, this document puts forwards consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist in everyday clinical practice...

..The objective of this study was to compare the predictive ability of 15 published stratification schemes for stroke risk in actual clinical practice in the UK...

..Among anticoagulated cohorts, the emphasis should be on the identification of patients who remain at high risk for stroke despite anticoagulation...

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..Stroke is the most serious complication. Evidence from AF antithrombotic treatment trials is reviewed, risk stratification of patients with AF is discussed, and recommendations for anticoagulation are presented...

..Apart from atrial fibrillation, there is relatively limited evidence for the role of antithrombotic therapy for other cardiac conditions associated with cardioembolism and how long one should treat...

..We report from a Phase II randomized, dose-guiding study (NCT00684307) to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of extended-release AZD0837 in patients with AF...

..This review article aims to provide an overview of the vast literature on EPCs in relation to clinical cardiology...

..This executive summary highlights the main recommendations from the consensus document...

..This would simplify our approach to thromboprophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation...

..It also makes the clinician think of correctable common bleeding risk factors, and the availability of such a score allows an informed assessment of bleeding risk in AF patients, when antithrombotic therapy is being initiated...

..Long-term oral anticoagulation is established in certain groups, including patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation, but there is wide variation in the use of oral anticoagulation in the broader heart failure population...

..Oral factor X inhibitors are also being developed, which may be of use in the outpatient prevention and/or treatment of stroke and thromboembolism...

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..We hypothesized that increased plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP, as indexes of an inflammatory state, would be associated with an increased risk of stroke and death among patients with AF...

..These abnormalities do not undergo any significant diurnal variation and may be beneficially altered by BP reduction...

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..Further work is needed to examine the mechanisms leading to the prothrombotic state in cancer, the potential prognostic and treatment implications, and the possible value of quantifying indices of hypercoagulability in clinical practice...

..Indeed, hypertension is likely to be multifactorial and many factors would confound the relationship, if any, between alcohol and hypertension...

..Evidence for antithrombotic therapy is also based on epidemiological studies and subgroup analyses of the large randomized trials...

..To investigate this further, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients with documented chronic AF who were attending the anticoagulation clinic in our city center teaching hospital, serving a multiethnic population...

..However, only high baseline systolic blood pressures were associated with a shortened event-free survival...

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..Indeed, we suggest that angiogenesis is an important aspect of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, impacting with both thrombogenesis and atherogenesis, in a new vascular triad (the 'Birmingham vascular triad')...

..This is despite the known hypercoagulable state found in hypertension and the relationship of haemostatic abnormalities to vascular complications...

..Simplified, shortened and updated guidelines on hypertension in paediatric practice and research are needed...

..Further work is needed to examine the mechanisms leading to this phenomenon, the potential prognostic and treatment implications, and the possible value of measuring these parameters in routine clinical practice...

..There has been speculation whether serum uric acid levels are an independent prognostic factor in patients with hypertension...

..6549). We suggest that MHT can occur de novo in patients without previously known hypertension, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis in such patients were similar to MHT patients with previously known hypertension...

..With a holistic approach to atherothrombotic vascular disease, our management of PAD can only get better...

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..With its positive benefit-risk ratio, ximelagatran may increase the population of eligible patients for anticoagulation with AF and maximize the potential of anticoagulation in the prevention of stroke...

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..We hypothesized that patients with ISH would exhibit a prothrombotic state similar to that seen in SDH. A secondary hypothesis was that individuals with ISH had similar echocardiographic parameters to those seen in SDH...

..These observations raise the possibility abnormal oxidative stress is probably not the mechanism responsible for the endothelial damage seen in malignant phase hypertension...

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..Anticoagulation with warfarin may be superior to combination aspirin-clopidogrel therapy as thromboprophylaxis in AF...

..However, disease severity was only related to plasma fibrinogen levels...