D E J Linden

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..Future research with functional and structural imaging should go beyond correlating brain activity and symptoms and also address the functional and structural connectivity patterns in the brain that enable hallucinations...

..I will discuss their initial application in depression and OCD, and suggest potential alternative options based on recent developments in neurofeedback technology...

..It will be argued that similar design principles as established for behavioural studies of mental chronometry should apply to neurophysiological investigations as well...

..Finally, the author highlights open questions for cognitive neuroscience research of working memory, such as that of the mechanisms for integrating different types of content (binding) or those providing the link to long-term memory...

..Knowledge about the generators of the P300 will be crucial for a better understanding of its cognitive significance and its continuing clinical application...

..Our results reveal mechanisms of the generation of sensory experience in the absence of external stimulation and suggest new approaches to the investigation of the neurobiology of psychopathology...

..The emotion-specific differential pattern of DMN deactivation may be explored further in patients with mood disorder, where the quest for biological markers of emotional biases is still ongoing...

..The combination of imaging and genetics thus allows us to bridge the gap between the cellular/molecular and systems/behavioral level and extend the cognitive neuroscience approach to a comprehensive biology of cognition...

..This appears to be of particular evolutionary importance when confronted with potentially threatening displays of emotion - previous research has shown better VSTM for angry versus happy or neutral face identities...

..Inability to maintain oscillatory activity in specific frequency bands could thus result in the information overload that may underlie both cognitive deficits and psychopathological symptoms of schizophrenia...

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..In contrast, temporal segregation of the stimulus input may help participants maximize their performance and utilize their full VSTM capacity...

..Perhaps processes activated by the presence of specifically angry expressions enhance VSTM because memory for the identities of angry people has particular behavioral relevance...

..The closest rivals were the single SVM and bagging of SVM classifiers. We use kappa-error diagrams to understand the success of RS...

..To provide evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..Furthermore, we show, for the first time, that WM load affects the N250r and the early visual N170 component. This suggests that higher visual areas play an important role in WM for faces...

..Both client-centred measures and fMRI may assist in detecting clinically-meaningful changes resulting from cognitive rehabilitation interventions...

..These findings demonstrate the feasibility of fMRI-based neurofeedback of emotion networks and suggest a possible development into a therapeutic tool...

..Associative memory function is affected in the early stages of AD and also deteriorates disproportionately in comparison to other types of memory in healthy ageing...

..4) These networks were modulated by the two groups that we distinguished based on the ACC activation...

..We conclude that testing at the single-subject level is preferable for crossvalidation purposes if the signal-to-noise ratio of the data allows for this approach...

..These modulations confirmed a posterior-anterior and right-left dissociation for spatial versus non-spatial memory and revealed that conjunction memory does not rely on a linear addition of the component processes...

..This is confirmed by a trial-by-trial analysis of correlations between reaction time and onset, width, and amplitude of the hemodynamic response. These findings pose neurophysiological constraints on cognitive models of mental imagery...

..We propose that competition for resources shared by visual attention and WM encoding can limit processing capabilities in distributed posterior brain regions...

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..The results point to the involvement of distinct attentional subsystems in target and distractor processing...

..We speculate that the ventral-dorsal dissociation of visual processing is conserved for manipulation processes and that manipulation differs from maintenance in the extent to which is relies on central executive resources...

..These results indicate that at least two distinct cortical subsystems are recruited for visual WM, and that their interplay changes when the capacity limit is reached...

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..We suggest that detection of this activity may be facilitated by examining hallucination epochs of sufficient length, in combination with a data-driven approach...

..It is proposed that bidirectional coactivation of brain areas is responsible for the links between color and magnitude processing in color-grapheme synesthesia and that unidirectional models of synesthesia might have to be revised...

..This is also supported by their differential temporal contribution to specific subcomponents of the P300 cognitive potential...

..This is compatible with current theories of spatial hemineglect and constitutes a constraint for models of distributed information processing in the parietal lobes...

..We concluded that the processing of magnitude can be subserved by shared or distinct neural substrates, depending on task requirements...

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..Our results thus demonstrate that distractor and target processing engage a common neuronal system for the detection of rare events, but also task-specific subsystems related to attention and memory processes...

..In the current study, we examined the hypothesis that perceptual organization is specifically impaired in AD compared to other dementias...

..We argue that while some of the methodological limitations of TMS applied alone can be overcome by combination with functional neuroimaging, others will persist until its physical and physiological effects can be controlled...

..These results are discussed in the context of the recent debate on the functional relevance of fluctuations of neural activity in the resting state...

..g., frequency of hallucinations). Vividness of mental imagery might thus prove to be an independent trait marker of schizophrenia...

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..In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study, the authors succeeded in demonstrating the activation of Heschl's gyrus during auditory hallucinations (AH)...

..We suggest that the enhanced demand on cognitive resources in manipulation compared with maintenance was met by interplay of content- and task-specific modules in a frontoparietal network...

..The results suggest that acquisition and maintenance of implicit affective dispositions are preserved in dementia even when explicit memory is impaired...

..In this study we used hypnosis to induce DP in healthy subjects and to examine neural patterns of pain perception in the state of DP by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...

..These findings support the hypothesis that the grapheme-induced colour perception in synaesthesia is caused by an activation of the colour areas of the human visual cortex...

..For the CNV, BICs corresponding to both the orienting and the expectancy components were found...

..We assume that the hippocampal activity is related to the retrieval of visual images from memory and that sensory cortex activity is related to the vividness of the perceptual experience...

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..This object- and direction-specific interference between manual and mental rotation proved to be independent of task difficulty. We furthermore found an angular distance effect across different stimulus types...

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