Edmund R S Kunji

..Recent advances in the development of the Lactococcus lactis expression system have opened the way for the high-throughput functional expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins...

..These eukaryotic membrane proteins were expressed in a functional form and at levels amenable to structural work...

..The AAC3 molecules in the crystal are arranged in symmetrical homo-dimers, but the translocation pore for adenine nucleotides lies in the center of the molecule and not along the dyad axis of the dimer...

..The projection structure of the yeast ADP/ATP carrier by electron crystallography shows that carriers could form homo-dimers in the membrane...

..The trigger for the translocation event is likely to be the substrate-induced perturbation of the salt bridge network at the bottom of the cavity...

..Determining the dimensions of protein-detergent micelles may facilitate membrane protein purification and crystallization by defining the accessibility of the protein surface...

..The lactococcal expression system may be used for the high-throughput functional characterization of eukaryotic membrane proteins and structural genomics...

..Therefore, transport mechanisms need to be considered in which the carrier is operational as a monomer...

..Therefore, models of substrate transport have to be considered in which the carrier operates as a monomer rather than as a dimer...

..Again, the residual transport activity in the presence of MTSES depended linearly on the amount of cysteine-less carrier. Thus, the entire transport cycle for ADP/ATP exchange is carried out by the monomer...

..It enables the substrate specificity of uncharacterized mitochondrial carriers to be predicted...

..The interaction energies of the networks allow members of the transporter family to be classified as strict exchangers or uniporters...

..We propose a transport model based on the monomer, in which access to a single substrate binding site is controlled by two flanking salt bridge networks, explaining uniport and strict exchange of substrates...

..As the 1.2-Mb double-stranded DNA mimivirus genome is rich in A and T residues, we speculate that the virus is using this protein to target the host mitochondria as a source of deoxynucleotides for its replication...

..Because many functions of yeast and human mitochondria rely on solutes transported by specialized members of this family, the Entamoeba mitosome must contain only a small subset of these processes requiring adenine nucleotide exchange...

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..In the case of proton-substrate symporters the substrate binding sites contain also negatively charged residues that are proposed to be involved in proton transport...

..In this chapter, a range of protocols is presented for online determination of biomass yields of recombinant yeast cultures...

..In this chapter, protocols are presented for determining these offline measures of the biomass yield of recombinant yeast cultures...

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..cuniculi, by reductive evolution and analogous gene replacement. Instead of the mitosome providing the parasite cytosol with ATP, the parasite cytosol now seems to provide ATP for the organelle...

..Residues G32, A35, Q40, G130, G133, A134, G230, and S237 are potentially engaged in inter-helical interactions and they may be involved in the movements of the alpha-helices during translocation...

..The third cluster is at the midpoint of the membrane and consists of residues that are proposed to be involved in substrate binding...

..These findings establish conservation of function among folate and biopterin transporter family proteins from three kingdoms of life...

..These experiments provide some of the strongest evidence yet that yeast mitochondria and Neocallimastix hydrogenosomes are but two manifestations of the same fundamental organelle...

..Overall the data indicate that PNC1 is a target of the IGF-I/mTOR pathway that is essential for mitochondrial activity in regulating cell growth and proliferation...