Loeske E B Kruuk

Summary

Affiliation: University of Edinburgh
Country: UK

Publications

  1. ncbi How to separate genetic and environmental causes of similarity between relatives
    L E B Kruuk
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Evol Biol 20:1890-903. 2007
  2. ncbi Introduction. Evolutionary dynamics of wild populations: the use of long-term pedigree data
    L E B Kruuk
    Insitute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 275:593-6. 2008
  3. ncbi A wake-up call for studies of natural selection?
    L E B Kruuk
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Evol Biol 20:30-3; discussion 39-44. 2007
  4. ncbi Fluctuating asymmetry in a secondary sexual trait: no associations with individual fitness, environmental stress or inbreeding, and no heritability
    L E B Kruuk
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    J Evol Biol 16:101-13. 2003
  5. ncbi Antler size in red deer: heritability and selection but no evolution
    E B Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Evolution 56:1683-95. 2002
  6. ncbi Severe inbreeding depression in collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis)
    Loeske E B Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, King s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 269:1581-9. 2002
  7. ncbi Heritability of fitness in a wild mammal population
    L E Kruuk
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:698-703. 2000
  8. ncbi Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the "animal model"
    Loeske E B Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
    Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359:873-90. 2004
  9. ncbi A comparison of multilocus clines maintained by environmental adaptation or by selection against hybrids
    L E Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Genetics 153:1959-71. 1999
  10. ncbi Population density affects sex ratio variation in red deer
    L E Kruuk
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK
    Nature 399:459-61. 1999

Detail Information

Publications66

  1. ncbi How to separate genetic and environmental causes of similarity between relatives
    L E B Kruuk
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Evol Biol 20:1890-903. 2007
    ....
  2. ncbi Introduction. Evolutionary dynamics of wild populations: the use of long-term pedigree data
    L E B Kruuk
    Insitute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 275:593-6. 2008
    ..We discuss here common themes, specific problems and pointers for future research...
  3. ncbi A wake-up call for studies of natural selection?
    L E B Kruuk
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Evol Biol 20:30-3; discussion 39-44. 2007
  4. ncbi Fluctuating asymmetry in a secondary sexual trait: no associations with individual fitness, environmental stress or inbreeding, and no heritability
    L E B Kruuk
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
    J Evol Biol 16:101-13. 2003
    ..Given the series of null results in our other tests, it seems likely that this was a direct mechanistic effect rather than because measures of FA were indicative of individual quality or condition...
  5. ncbi Antler size in red deer: heritability and selection but no evolution
    E B Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Evolution 56:1683-95. 2002
    ....
  6. ncbi Severe inbreeding depression in collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis)
    Loeske E B Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, King s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 269:1581-9. 2002
    ..Our results illustrate how severe inbreeding depression and considerable genetic load may exist in natural populations, but detecting them may require extensive long-term datasets...
  7. ncbi Heritability of fitness in a wild mammal population
    L E Kruuk
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:698-703. 2000
    ..Finally, there were significant maternal effects in a range of traits, particularly for females...
  8. ncbi Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the "animal model"
    Loeske E B Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
    Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359:873-90. 2004
    ....
  9. ncbi A comparison of multilocus clines maintained by environmental adaptation or by selection against hybrids
    L E Kruuk
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Genetics 153:1959-71. 1999
    ..There is a smooth transition between a system in which a set of loci effectively act independently of each other and one in which they act as a single nonrecombining unit...
  10. ncbi Population density affects sex ratio variation in red deer
    L E Kruuk
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK
    Nature 399:459-61. 1999
    ..Comparison with other ungulate studies indicates that positive associations between maternal quality and the proportion of male offspring born have only been documented in populations below carrying capacity...
  11. ncbi Early determinants of lifetime reproductive success differ between the sexes in red deer
    L E Kruuk
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 266:1655-61. 1999
    ..Differences between the sexes in the effects of environmental and phenotypic variation on fitness may generate differences in the amount of heritable genetic variation underlying traits such as birthweight...
  12. ncbi The impact of environmental heterogeneity on genetic architecture in a wild population of Soay sheep
    Matthew R Robinson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    Genetics 181:1639-48. 2009
    ..This study demonstrates that the genetic architecture of traits is not stable under temporally varying environments and highlights the fact that evolutionary processes may depend largely upon ecological conditions...
  13. ncbi Testing for genetic trade-offs between early- and late-life reproduction in a wild red deer population
    Daniel H Nussey
    Large Animal Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 275:745-50. 2008
    ..Our results suggest rare support for the AP theory of ageing from a wild population...
  14. ncbi Evidence for a genetic basis of aging in two wild vertebrate populations
    Alastair J Wilson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Curr Biol 17:2136-42. 2007
    ..We find evidence that genetic differences among individuals cause variation in their rates of aging and that additive genetic variance for fitness increases with age, as predicted by the evolutionary theory of senescence...
  15. ncbi Getting the timing right: antler growth phenology and sexual selection in a wild red deer population
    Michelle N Clements
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    Oecologia 164:357-68. 2010
    ..Our results suggest that the phenology of traits that are not directly correlated with offspring survival may also regularly show correlations with fitness...
  16. ncbi Inbreeding depression in red deer calves
    Craig A Walling
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    BMC Evol Biol 11:318. 2011
    ..We also tested whether inbreeding depression varied with environmental conditions and maternal age...
  17. ncbi Reproductive senescence in a long-lived seabird: rates of decline in late-life performance are associated with varying costs of early reproduction
    Thomas E Reed
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, King s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Am Nat 171:E89-E101. 2008
    ....
  18. ncbi Sexually antagonistic genetic variation for fitness in red deer
    Katharina Foerster
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Nature 447:1107-10. 2007
    ....
  19. ncbi Environmental heterogeneity generates fluctuating selection on a secondary sexual trait
    Matthew R Robinson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Curr Biol 18:751-7. 2008
    ..Such fluctuating selection may play an important role in preventing the erosion of genetic variance in secondary sexual traits...
  20. ncbi Inter- and intrasexual variation in aging patterns across reproductive traits in a wild red deer population
    Daniel H Nussey
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Am Nat 174:342-57. 2009
    ..Our results suggest that either natural selection or physiological constraint has caused an uncoupling of senescence rates in different physiological systems and, thus, different reproductive traits in this wild vertebrate population...
  21. ncbi Evolution driven by differential dispersal within a wild bird population
    Dany Garant
    Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
    Nature 433:60-5. 2005
    ..Our findings have important implications for questions of the scale of adaptation and speciation, and challenge the usual treatment of dispersal as a force opposing evolutionary differentiation...
  22. ncbi Comparing parentage inference software: reanalysis of a red deer pedigree
    Craig A Walling
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, King s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Mol Ecol 19:1914-28. 2010
    ..Higher accuracy and completeness of pedigree information will improve parameters estimated from pedigree information in studies of natural populations...
  23. ncbi Genetic analysis of life-history constraint and evolution in a wild ungulate population
    Michael B Morrissey
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Am Nat 179:E97-114. 2012
    ..Furthermore, multivariate phenotypic (rather than genetic) relationships among female life-history traits do not reveal this constraint...
  24. ncbi The misuse of BLUP in ecology and evolution
    Jarrod D Hadfield
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Am Nat 175:116-25. 2010
    ..To illustrate the problem, we apply these tests to long-term data on the Soay sheep (Ovis aries) and the great tit (Parus major) and show that previously reported temporal trends in breeding values are not supported...
  25. ncbi Contrasting patterns of phenotypic plasticity in reproductive traits in two great tit (Parus major) populations
    Arild Husby
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Evolution 64:2221-37. 2010
    ..Our results suggest that generalizations about the form and cause of any response to changing environmental conditions across populations may be difficult...
  26. ncbi Selection on mothers and offspring: whose phenotype is it and does it matter?
    Alastair J Wilson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Evolution 59:451-63. 2005
    ..Our results highlight how selection regimes may vary depending on the assignment of reproductive and early life-history traits to either offspring or maternal phenotype...
  27. ncbi Sexual conflict in twins: male co-twins reduce fitness of female Soay sheep
    Peter Korsten
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Biol Lett 5:663-6. 2009
    ..These results show that sex-specific sibling interactions can have long-term consequences for survival and reproduction, with potentially important implications for optimal sex allocation...
  28. ncbi Ageing in a variable habitat: environmental stress affects senescence in parasite resistance in St Kilda Soay sheep
    Adam D Hayward
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 276:3477-85. 2009
    ..In these circumstances, measures of age that capture the cumulative stresses experienced by an individual may be useful for understanding the process of senescence...
  29. ncbi Function of weaponry in females: the use of horns in intrasexual competition for resources in female Soay sheep
    Matthew R Robinson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Biol Lett 3:651-4. 2007
    ....
  30. ncbi Live fast, die young: trade-offs between fitness components and sexually antagonistic selection on weaponry in Soay sheep
    Matthew R Robinson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Evolution 60:2168-81. 2006
    ..Our results therefore suggest that trade-offs between different components of fitness and antagonistic selection between the sexes may maintain genetic variation for secondary sexual traits within a population...
  31. ncbi Ontogenetic patterns in heritable variation for body size: using random regression models in a wild ungulate population
    Alastair J Wilson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Am Nat 166:E177-92. 2005
    ..However, by facilitating more efficient data use where phenotypic sampling is incomplete, random regression should allow better estimation of genetic (co)variances for size and growth traits in natural populations...
  32. ncbi Positive genetic correlation between parasite resistance and body size in a free-living ungulate population
    D W Coltman
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Evolution 55:2116-25. 2001
    ....
  33. ncbi The prediction of adaptive evolution: empirical application of the secondary theorem of selection and comparison to the breeder's equation
    Michael B Morrissey
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, King s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
    Evolution 66:2399-410. 2012
    ..We suggest this is likely to be a general issue, and that wider application of the STS could offer at least a partial resolution to the common discrepancy between naive expectations and observed trait dynamics in natural populations...
  34. ncbi Evolution in a changing environment: a case study with great tit fledging mass
    Dany Garant
    Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
    Am Nat 164:E115-29. 2004
    ....
  35. ncbi Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change in a wild bird population
    Anne Charmantier
    Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
    Science 320:800-3. 2008
    ..Phenotypic plasticity can thus play a central role in tracking environmental change; understanding the limits of plasticity is an important goal for future research...
  36. ncbi Constraints on plastic responses to climate variation in red deer
    Daniel H Nussey
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Biol Lett 1:457-60. 2005
    ..The presence of such systematic variation in individual plasticity is rarely documented in the wild, and has important implications for our understanding of the environmental dependencies of traits under varying ecological conditions...
  37. ncbi Speeding up microevolution: the effects of increasing temperature on selection and genetic variance in a wild bird population
    Arild Husby
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    PLoS Biol 9:e1000585. 2011
    ..Such associations could potentially speed up the rate of micro-evolution and offer a largely ignored mechanism by which natural populations may adapt to environmental changes...
  38. ncbi Cryptic evolution: does environmental deterioration have a genetic basis?
    Jarrod D Hadfield
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Genetics 187:1099-113. 2011
    ..These processes include mutation, sib competition, and invisible fractions...
  39. ncbi Statistical confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural populations
    T C Marshall
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
    Mol Ecol 7:639-55. 1998
    ..CERVUS can be used to calculate allele frequencies, run simulations and perform parentage analysis using data from all types of codominant markers...
  40. ncbi Estimating selection on neonatal traits in red deer using elasticity path analysis
    T Coulson
    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
    Evolution 57:2879-92. 2003
    ....
  41. ncbi Comparative evidence for a link between Peyer's patch development and susceptibility to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
    Suzanne G St Rose
    Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, King s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
    BMC Infect Dis 6:5. 2006
    ....
  42. ncbi How to use molecular marker data to measure evolutionary parameters in wild populations
    Dany Garant
    Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
    Mol Ecol 14:1843-59. 2005
    ....
  43. ncbi An ecologist's guide to the animal model
    Alastair J Wilson
    Wild Evolution Group, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
    J Anim Ecol 79:13-26. 2010
    ....
  44. ncbi Variances and covariances of phenological traits in a wild mammal population
    Michelle N Clements
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
    Evolution 65:788-801. 2011
    ..Our results suggest that different phenological traits may be free to move along independent evolutionary trajectories...
  45. ncbi Genetic consequences of human management in an introduced island population of red deer (Cervus elaphus)
    D H Nussey
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Heredity (Edinb) 97:56-65. 2006
    ..We suggest that recent differences in the management regimes in different parts of the island have led to differences in effective male migration that would account for this observation...
  46. ncbi Inbreeding and inbreeding depression of early life traits in a cooperative mammal
    Johanna F Nielsen
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Mol Ecol 21:2788-804. 2012
    ..This research provides a rare investigation into inbreeding in a cooperative mammal, revealing high levels of inbreeding, considerable negative consequences and complex interactions with the social environment...
  47. ncbi Decline in the frequency and benefits of multiple brooding in great tits as a consequence of a changing environment
    Arild Husby
    School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 276:1845-54. 2009
    ..Our results indicate that adjustment to changing climatic conditions may involve shifts in life-history traits other than simply the timing of breeding...
  48. ncbi The danger of applying the breeder's equation in observational studies of natural populations
    M B Morrissey
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Evol Biol 23:2277-88. 2010
    ....
  49. ncbi Maternal effects and early-life performance are associated with parasite resistance across life in free-living Soay sheep
    A D Hayward
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland
    Parasitology 137:1261-73. 2010
    ..These results add to the growing evidence that conditions experienced by individuals during development can have a profound influence on immediate and late-life performance and may even influence ageing...
  50. ncbi Maternal genetic effects set the potential for evolution in a free-living vertebrate population
    A J Wilson
    Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Evol Biol 18:405-14. 2005
    ....
  51. ncbi Trading offspring size for number in a variable environment: selection on reproductive investment in female Soay sheep
    A J Wilson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Anim Ecol 78:354-64. 2009
    ....
  52. ncbi Rapidly declining fine-scale spatial genetic structure in female red deer
    D H Nussey
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
    Mol Ecol 14:3395-405. 2005
    ..We argue that both increasing female population size and decreasing polygyny could explain the decline in female population genetic structure...
  53. ncbi Environmental coupling of selection and heritability limits evolution
    A J Wilson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    PLoS Biol 4:e216. 2006
    ..Assumptions of environmental constancy are likely to be violated in natural systems, and failure to acknowledge this may generate highly misleading expectations for phenotypic microevolution...
  54. ncbi Epidemiology of parasitic protozoan infections in Soay sheep (Ovis aries L.) on St Kilda
    B H Craig
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland
    Parasitology 134:9-21. 2007
    ..The results of this study highlight the potential for protozoal infection to shape the evolution of parasite resistance in wild host populations harbouring diverse parasite species...
  55. ncbi Indirect genetics effects and evolutionary constraint: an analysis of social dominance in red deer, Cervus elaphus
    A J Wilson
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    J Evol Biol 24:772-83. 2011
    ..More generally, we argue that IGEs likely provide a widespread but poorly recognized source of evolutionary constraint for traits influenced by competition...
  56. ncbi Delayed phenology and reduced fitness associated with climate change in a wild hibernator
    Jeffrey E Lane
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Nature 489:554-7. 2012
    ..Our results show that plastic responses to climate change may be driven by climatic trends other than increasing temperature, and may be associated with declines in individual fitness and, hence, population viability...
  57. ncbi Genotype-level variation in lifetime breeding success, litter size and survival of sheep in scrapie-affected flocks
    Margo E Chase-Topping
    Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine CTVM, Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
    J Gen Virol 86:1229-38. 2005
    ..One possible explanation for these results is the effect of pre-clinical scrapie. Additional evidence supporting this hypothesis is discussed...
  58. ncbi Natural selection and inheritance of breeding time and clutch size in the collared flycatcher
    B C Sheldon
    Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
    Evolution 57:406-20. 2003
    ..We discuss some of the difficulties associated with understanding the evolution of laying date and clutch size in natural populations...
  59. ncbi Responding to environmental change: plastic responses vary little in a synchronous breeder
    Thomas E Reed
    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
    Proc Biol Sci 273:2713-9. 2006
    ..This demonstrates the importance of considering the relative costs and benefits of highly plastic responses in assessing the likely response of a population to the environmental change...
  60. ncbi Stability of genetic variance and covariance for reproductive characters in the face of climate change in a wild bird population
    Dany Garant
    Departement de Biologie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1
    Mol Ecol 17:179-88. 2008
    ....
  61. ncbi The effects of environmental heterogeneity on multivariate selection on reproductive traits in female great tits
    Dany Garant
    Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
    Evolution 61:1546-59. 2007
    ..This study suggests that the fitness landscape for this species is relatively rugged at scales relevant to the life histories of individual birds and their close relatives...
  62. ncbi Environmental conditions in early life influence ageing rates in a wild population of red deer
    Daniel H Nussey
    Curr Biol 17:R1000-1. 2007
  63. ncbi The rate of senescence in maternal performance increases with early-life fecundity in red deer
    Daniel H Nussey
    Ecol Lett 9:1342-50. 2006
    ..These results present rare evidence in support of the disposable soma and antagonistic pleiotropy theories of senescence from a wild vertebrate population and highlight the utility of mixed models for testing theories of ageing...
  64. ncbi Heritability and genetic constraints of life-history trait evolution in preindustrial humans
    Jenni E Pettay
    Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN 20014, Turku, Finland
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:2838-43. 2005
    ..However genetic constraints between longevity and reproductive life-history traits may have constrained the evolution of life history and facilitated the maintenance of additive genetic variance in key life-history traits...
  65. ncbi Parasitism reduces the potential for evolution in a wild bird population
    Anne Charmantier
    Centre d Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 Route de Mende, F 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
    Evolution 58:203-6. 2004
    ..To our knowledge, this experiment provides the first evidence of host quantitative genetics being influenced by parasitism, and illustrates the potential for parasitism to constrain an evolutionary response to selection...
  66. ncbi Quantitative genetics of larval life-history traits in Rana temporaria in different environmental conditions
    Ane T Laugen
    Population Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden
    Genet Res 86:161-70. 2005
    ....