Susan A Jebb

..To investigate changes in body composition and the validity of the leg-to-leg bioimpedance (LTL) method to measure body fat during active weight loss (WL) and weight regain (WR)...

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..To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in British young people (4-18 years) in 1997...

..The present paper focuses on the importance of communicating scientific knowledge to the stakeholders with a responsibility for tackling obesity and addresses some of the barriers that are encountered...

..However, coordinated action across multiple stakeholders is also required if these guidelines are to be translated into sustained changes in eating habits...

..We compared weight loss with standard treatment in primary care with that achieved after referral by the primary care team to a commercial provider in the community...

..There is an urgent need for more research into the fundamental mechanisms of weight gain and effective interventions if we are to prevent the next generation becoming fatter than their parents...

..The critical elements of this dysregulation are poorly understood. Most previous research into what regulates the intake side of the energy balance equation has been handicapped by the use of short-term within-day experimental tests...

..3% for men and 3.1% for women. This demonstrates that the practical simplicity of the novel Tanita method is not associated with a clinically significant decrement in performance relative to a traditional impedance device...

..Evidence for the dietary determinants of obesity in children is limited...

..Here we investigate the effect of three common SNPs of FFAR1 (rs2301151; rs16970264; rs1573611) on pancreatic function, BMI, body composition and plasma lipids...

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..Findings from the present study suggest that whole-grain intake of British adults was low in 1986-7 and became even lower over the subsequent decade...

..001). The food exchange model provided an effective dietary strategy for the design and implementation across multiple sites of 5 experimental diets with specific targets for the proportion of fat and CHO...

..We assessed whether sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption increases fatness in British children...

..This result supports present conclusions from genetic studies in which all known causes of human obesity are related to defects in the regulation of appetite...

..This study compares results for 3 inflammatory adipokines measured using 2 techniques, (multiplex and ELISA), and determines the relationships with C-reactive protein (CRP), obesity, and the impact of moderate weight loss...

..Given the current low dietary intake of LC n-3 PUFA, greater attention should be given to increase these fatty acids in the treatment of obesity...

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..Physical inactivity increases the risk of obesity, but the relations between reported levels of physical activity (PA) and measures of body fatness (BF) in children are remarkably inconsistent...

..To identify and compare suggested food portion sizes in UK schemes...

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..It tested whether decreases in LA:LNA modulate effects of LC omega-3 PUFA...

..Future studies should consider IL-6 or sialic acid to provide a more robust measure of inflammatory status...

..Estimation of the intake of oily fish at a population level is difficult. The measurement of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in biological samples may provide a useful biomarker of intake...

..This study is an independent audit of the Weight Watchers NHS Referral scheme and evaluates the weight change of obese and overweight adults referred to Weight Watchers (WW) by the NHS...

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..Although the condition is rare, the study of humans with dominant-negative mutations in PPAR-gamma can provide important insight into the roles of this nuclear receptor in human metabolism...

..There is considerable scope for strategies to promote increased consumption of whole grain foods to reduce the risk of a variety of chronic diseases...

..To assess the consumption of whole-grain foods in different age and sociodemographic groups in Great Britain, using data from two national surveys...

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..The aim of this review was to assess the effects of worksite interventions on employee diets...

..In the United Kingdom, sodium reduction targets have been set for a large number of processed food categories. Assessment and monitoring are essential to evaluate progress...

..It provides a useful proxy for TAAT measured by MRI, comparable to the correlation obtained with manual WC measurements. Neither the AB-140 abdominal fat measures nor WC measurement appear to provide a useful proxy measure of VAT...

..To test the hypothesis that acute responses of plasma leptin concentration to energy balance manipulation are mediated by fat flux...

..The points system provides a useful starting point for designing improved experimental paradigms for the manipulation of dietary intake in future trials...

..Ethnic differences in the association between body mass index (BMI) and body fat suggest that body composition varies across ethnic groups...

..This study examines the association between both CRP and SA with individual and combined features of the metabolic syndrome...

..This standardized approach of assigning GI values will be made available to other researchers to facilitate further investigation into the effects of dietary GI on health...

..This study was designed to overcome some of the discrepancies encountered in previous studies and to test the hypothesis that obese individuals have altered gastric emptying compared to lean individuals...

..Obesity is higher in low social classes, some ethnic minority groups particularly from South Asia and in Scotland and Wales relative to England...

..The evidence supports a secular trend towards increased under-reporting between the two surveys, but the precise magnitude cannot be quantified in the absence of historical measures of energy expenditure...

..Inflammation is strongly related to obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The metabolic benefits of long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) may be attributable to its anti-inflammatory properties...

..Metabolic fuel selection is dominated by the need to maintain carbohydrate balance. This induces inappropriate counterregulatory alterations in fat oxidation during energy surplus...

..To investigate whether a diet with a reduced glycaemic index (GI) has effects on appetite, energy intake, body weight and composition in overweight and obese female subjects...

..Although there is some debate regarding the quantity of whole grains required for good health, whole-grain intake among British young people is low...

..To determine the glycaemic index (GI) of various staple carbohydrate-rich foods in the UK diet, and to consider the factors influencing the GI of foods...

..Instead we must look to behavioural and/or environmental factors which may be underpinning the current epidemic of obesity...

..To examine associations of whole-grain intake with body weight and adiposity in two nationally representative samples of British adults...

..To analyse whether high dietary energy density (DED) is associated with increased fat mass and risk of excess adiposity in free-living children...

..This study examines the temporal changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease with weight change over 52 weeks...

..More randomized long-term studies are needed to provide evidence for the benefits of specific nutritional supplementation and to determine optimum intake, particularly for n-3 PUFA and antioxidants...

..In conclusion, short-term increases in feeding frequency delayed the gastric emptying of a subsequent meal, but significant effects on post-meal appetite could not be demonstrated...

..There is now a need for trials specifically designed to assess whether an increased SDA consumption would translate into improved human health outcomes...

..The subcutaneous administration of recombinant human leptin has major and sustained beneficial effects on the multiple phenotypic abnormalities associated with congenital human leptin deficiency...

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..The possible reasons for this apparent lack of benefit are discussed...

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..The contribution of energy density (ED) of the total diet to increased risk of obesity from childhood into adolescence is unclear...

..Other markers of fatty acid intake, that more closely relate to physiological function, may be more useful...

..The EER method allows UR to be quantified and takes into account an individual's activity level. Measures of physical activity and questions to identify under-eating during dietary recording may help to evaluate secular trends in UR...

..02), but similar in overweight women regardless of restraint score. Questions to assess dietary restraint and current dieting may be useful tools to identify and evaluate underreporting at an individual level in dietary surveys...