Claire Hughes

..The findings provide only partial support for the view that ToM is a prerequisite for EF but stronger support for the proposal that EF facilitates children's performance on ToM tasks...

..Across the transition to school, less able children (but not children from low income families) showed greater gains in EF than their peers...

....

..Recent work suggests that this paradigm is useful for assessing disruptive behaviour in young children (Hughes, Cutting, & Dunn, 2001)...

..Possible underlying proximal mechanisms are discussed, including maternal speech and mind-mindedness, sibling interactions, and peer influences...

..In contrast, positive sibling relationships predicted significant variance in ToM, even controlling for age, verbal ability, EF, social disadvantage, and parent-child relationships...

..Cognitive and family factors are implicated in the origins of behavioural problems, but little is known about their independence or interplay...

..In addition, age-3 EF mediated relations between age-2 verbal ability and age-4 problem behaviors...

..These findings highlight just a few of the multiple paths leading to peer problems among children with disruptive behavior problems...

..This study examined whether these age-2 measures also predict age-4 problem behaviors...

..We conclude that preschoolers' false belief understanding both directly and indirectly supports children's growing ability to discuss thoughts and feelings in their conversations with friends...

..These findings underscore the clinical and educational significance of early individual differences in EF and highlight the value of adopting a developmental perspective...

..In addition, the association between the latent factor and teachers' ratings of total difficulties was significantly stronger for boys than girls...

..Young siblings' antisocial behaviour is common yet its impact has received relatively little research attention...

..Compatible with this view, FliS was able to prevent in vitro polymerisation of FliC into filaments...

..Connected conversations provide a fertile context for children's developing social understanding...

..Within the present groups, the overall findings suggested less severe and persistent EF deficits in ASD (including Asperger Syndrome) than in ADHD...

..Only acyl carrier protein, not acyl-CoA, can promote HlyC-directed proHlyA acylation, but a range of acyl groups are effective...

..The structure provides an explanation of how the cell cytosol is connected to the external environment during export, and suggests a general mechanism for the action of bacterial efflux pumps...

..The data confirm that the ops element directs recruitment of RfaH into a multi-component RNA polymerase complex that resists transcription termination...

..These findings indicate that weak coherence may indeed be a cognitive style specific to autism and unrelated to cognitive deficits in frontal functions...

....

..The 'channel-tunnel' is closed at its periplasmic entrance, but can be opened by an 'iris-like' mechanism when recruited by substrate-engaged proteins in the cytosolic membrane...

..YaeQ also complements a rfaH::Tn5 null mutation, indicating that it compensates for loss of RfaH function without interaction between the two proteins...

..FlhD(2)C(2)is therefore an atypical prokaryotic transcription activator in which interaction of the FlhC subunit with DNA target sequences is enhanced by the coexpressed helper subunit FlhD...

....

..We name it the ops element for operon polarity suppressor...

..TolC and its homologues thus provide large exit ducts for a wide range of substrates, including protein toxins and antibacterial drugs, that are engaged by specific recognition proteins in the cytosolic membrane...

..We suggest that RfaH directs transcript elongation in an analogous way to NusG, but does so in a subset of bacterial operons primarily engaged in the production of extracellular components required for virulence and fertility...

....

..Generation of five smaller peptides from the N-terminal region identified the principal determinant of lipid insertion as the hydrophobic sequence encompassing residues 177 to 411, which is conserved among hemolysin-related toxins...

..In support of this view, the flgN mutation was specifically complemented by a hybrid chaperone comprising the N-terminal half of FliT and the C-terminal half of FlgN...

..The usefulness of a focus on the content of children's pretend play-in particular, violent fantasy-as a window on children's preoccupations is considered...

..DNA sequencing of the hlyT locus identifies the HlyT/RfaH transcriptional activator as a protein of 162 amino acids (Mr 18325) which shows no identity to characterized transcription factors...

..Moreover, executive function was associated with performance on the theory of mind tasks for the hard-to-manage group alone, suggesting both direct and indirect links between executive dysfunction and disruptive behaviour...

..However, given the relatively low power of the study, these findings require replication with a larger sample...

..5 years. These effects are concentrated in visuocognitive and visuomotor domains rather than the linguistic domain...

..Although there were no gender differences in children's task performances, girls showed more frequent and more developed mental-state talk than boys...

..Magnetic field-dependent localization such as this may enable the in vivo administration of formulations that concentrate retroviral infection to the required target tissues and organs...