S D Heys

..The apparent impact of macrophage subsets on overall survival underlines the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophage activation in cancer...

..However, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation are key mechanisms by which most chemotherapeutic agents exert their cytotoxic effects...

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..In the neoadjuvant setting, the addition of docetaxel to standard regimens does increase pathological response rates, which is a surrogate marker of eventual outcome...

..The indications are that immunonutrition has the potential to help patients but its place must be more clearly defined before its widespread acceptance into clinical practice is based on sound scientific evidence...

..Non-anthracycline docetaxel-based primary regimens have shown early promise. As we continue to define the optimal regimen, a growing body of evidence supports the use of docetaxel in primary chemotherapeutic regimens for breast cancer...

..However, the benefits of this approach have been debated and as we enter the new millennium there are many questions regarding then role of peri-operative nutritional support that remain unanswered...

..It is important to note that this was a small study, and the survival results should be interpreted with caution. The results are encouraging, however, and further studies are urgently required...

..Further studies are now required to evaluate the potential beneficial use of nutritional pharmacology in combination with existing treatment regimens...

..This may have important implications for patients with cancer undergoing major operation...

..Differential production and/or release of cytokines and prostaglandins, during therapy, further determined the likelihood of response to rIL-2...

..CONCLUSIONS: This modulation of acute phase response may have important implications for patients with cancer undergoing surgery...

..Five year survival in those who tolerated the trial regime was 73% and did not differ between the groups. This mortality was cancer related...

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..These simple, inexpensive and beneficial interventions should be offered to patients wishing to improve quality of life during primary chemotherapy...

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..Moreover, the additional benefit of an assessment of distal metastatic spread provided by FDG-PET requires further investigation...

..The size and degree of pathological response did not predict patients most likely to experience recurrence of disease...

..These data and data from the NSABP B-27 and GEPAR-duo trials strongly support a combined anthracycline/docetaxel regimen in the neoadjuvant setting...

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..PAPU, therefore, merits further careful consideration and evaluation. This article reviews its present status and considers further priority areas for investigation...

..SPONSORSHIP: This study was supported by Loders-Croklaan, The Netherlands and SEERAD (Scottish Executive Environmental Rural and Agriculture Department)...

..Evidence for similar effects in prostate cancer is lacking. We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-22:6n-3), a component of fish oil, on the cytotoxicity of docetaxel in prostate cancer cells...

..Despite the increased use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by breast cancer patients, there is little published information regarding CAM use in the Scottish breast cancer population...

..This study has investigated this aspect and, in particular, whether mammography or clinical examination or both allowed an early detection of recurrence of the disease in the conserved breast...

..Reduction in (18)F-FDG PET metabolism has previously been shown to correlate with histological response to primary chemotherapy...

..This may have important implication for therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis...

..To determine whether [(18)F]-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can predict the pathologic response of primary and metastatic breast cancer to chemotherapy...

..This study is the first description of a genomic approach specifically to identify genomic regions involved in resistance to docetaxel...

..This allows further understanding and elucidation of mechanisms involved in resistance to docetaxel...

..It concludes that sufficient evidence is available to suggest that major clinical trials with these natural compounds as adjuncts to standard therapies should be undertaken as a priority...

..Management recommendations have been summarised in two algorithms, one for women experiencing a premature menopause and the other for postmenopausal women requiring adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy...

..Our findings suggest that the expression of cannabinoid receptors and of FAAH in some tumour cells could well influence the effectiveness of DHA and EPA or their ethanolamide derivatives as anticancer agents...

..To compare the efficacy of neoadjuvant (NA) docetaxel (DOC) with anthracycline-based therapy and determine the efficacy of NA DOC in patients with breast cancer initially failing to respond to anthracycline-based NA chemotherapy (CT)...

..The aim was to define the P450 expression profile in breast cancer and establish the significance of P450 expression in this tumour type...

..In sporadic breast cancer, the presence of at least one A allele is protective against the disease. The influence of this polymorphism may be less important in individuals with an inherited breast cancer predisposition...

..MRI and PET provide methods of assessing breast tumour vascularity and metabolism in vivo using the exchange rate constants of dynamic MRI, and DUR of PET, respectively, these measures being related but not equivalent...

..Much of the work in vitro with phenolic compounds has utilized concentrations higher than the amount that can be obtained from the diet suggesting a role of fortified, functional foods in cancer suppression...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arginine on tumour cell growth, invasion and modulation of expression of genes involved in these aspects of cell behaviour...

..Early recognition and support of struggling students is crucial if they are to avoid subsequent failure at high stakes assessments...

..Further mutation studies in early-onset breast cancer group will be necessary to evaluate the use of immunohistochemistry as a rapid, initial screening technique to identify BRCA1 mutations...

..This could have important implications for the use of n-3 fatty acids as therapeutic agents in breast and prostate cancers expressing cannabinoid receptors...

..Results show that CLA isomers augment anti-tumour effects of docetaxel in breast cancer cells and suggest possible dual treatment regimens...

..Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism, including FAS...

..Attenuation of GPX4 mRNA expression in PBMNC suggests this could be a simple,early biomarker for future breast cancer risk in the high proportion of women without known risk factors who eventually contract the disease...

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..Therefore, drugs that induce PAO activity may be a novel means of attacking tumor cells...

..e.m, P = 0.014). These findings suggest that it is possible to predict those cancer patients who are most likely to respond to and benefit from rIL2 therapy, either prior to the commencement of or during the first course of rIL2...

..Factors predicting survival and overall survival rates, however, were comparable with those previously reported for older women with breast cancer...

..The purpose was to determine whether there is an optimal method for defining tumour volume and an optimal imaging time for predicting pathologic chemotherapy response...

..A complete pathological response is associated with fewer local and distant recurrences as well as improved survival although there are no differences in time to development of metastatic relapse...

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..Fatty acids enhanced cytosolic PKC-iota abundance but only EPA and to a lesser extent LA increased its membrane content. Changes in PKC-delta, -iota, and -gamma did not affect PSA production...

..Patterns in risk with regard to genotype and folate combinations are broadly similar those reported for colorectal neoplasia. The roles of MTHFR and folate in breast cancer aetiology are likely to be complex...

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..Increased PKC-delta and decreased PKC-iota membrane abundance was consistent with CLAs eliciting increased apoptosis and, in part, with their antitumor effects...

..Findings indicate that CLA elicits mainly proapoptotic effects in human breast tumor cells through both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways, according to cell type...

..These findings support the anticancer effects of CLA found in animal models and indicate similar effects could occur in man...

..Using scores aggregated across stations risks allowing students who are incompetent in some core skills to pass an examination, which may not be acceptable for high stakes assessments...

..05), and phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha (by 36%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results may offer a mechanistic explanation for the reported inhibition of prostate tumor growth by CLAs in animal models of disease...