R N Henson

..Unlike other positional models however, SEM predicts that positional errors will maintain relative rather than absolute position, in agreement with recent experiments (Henson, 1977)...

..Results are generally consistent with the timing-signal hypothesis but suggest further factors that need to be explored to distinguish it from other accounts...

..I finish by reviewing various objections to neuroimaging, including neophrenology, functionalism, and equipotentiality, and by observing some criticisms of current practice in the imaging literature...

..This suggests a role of anterior fusiform cortex in coding image-independent representations of familiar faces...

..Important future directions are considered...

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..Interpretation of the findings is not always clear-cut, however, given potential confounding factors such as explicit memory, and several recommendations are made for future neuroimaging studies of priming...

..These data support a multi-component model of face-processing, with priming arising from more than one stage...

..In this article, we discuss issues relevant to theories that attempt to relate these phenomena, concentrating in particular on the interpretative limitations of current imaging techniques...

..These data suggest that distinct regions within prefrontal cortex subserve different functions in the presence of proactive interference during cued recall...

..Precise characterization of the hemodynamic latency and its interpretation in terms of underlying neural differences remain problematic, however...

..Repetition suppression is therefore not an automatic consequence of repeated perceptual processing of stimuli...

..This left-lateralisation of the fusiform interaction is consistent with our hypothesis that these repetition-related effects occur in the same regions responsible for perceptual recognition of familiar stimuli...

..The findings are discussed in relation to models of short-term memory and the phenomenon of repetition blindness...

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..Priming-related responses are therefore not unitary but depend on the presence or absence of preexisting stimulus representations...

..This functional dissociation of dorsal and ventral right prefrontal regions is discussed in relation to a theoretical framework for the control of episodic memory retrieval...

..There was no interaction of age with sex for regionally specific effects. These results corroborate previous reports and indicate that VBM is a useful technique for studying structural brain correlates of ageing through life in humans...

..By showing a concurrence of behavioral and neuronal modulations, the results suggest that GABAergic and cholinergic systems influence the neuronal plasticity necessary for repetition priming...

..This exemplar change modulated activation in left anterior hippocampus. Our finding that fronto-polar cortex mediates rule learning supports a functional contribution of this region to generic reasoning and problem-solving behaviours...

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..We conclude that localiser scans can be unnecessary and, in some instances, lead to a biased and inappropriately constrained characterisation of functional anatomy...

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..We expect that the neuroimaging techniques will provide an important part of this enterprise...

..This asymmetry is also consistent with functional architectures implied by theories of perceptual inference in the brain, based on hierarchical generative models...

..This suggests that attention is necessary for both the acquisition and expression of the neural mechanisms that underlie repetition suppression, at least over the lags of 2-16 intervening trials used here...

..Second, regions known to be activated when emotional information is encountered in the environment are also active when emotional information is retrieved from memory...

..These data show that dissociable subsystems in ventral visual cortex maintain distinct view-dependent and view-invariant object representations...

..Finally, we illustrate various event-related models with examples from recent studies...

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..These results have practical implications for MEG source reconstruction, particularly in the context of group studies...

..g., picture-picture) repetition, suggesting additional coding of format-specific stimulus representations. We conclude that S-R bindings simultaneously represent both stimuli and responses at multiple levels of abstraction...

..Instead, the findings suggest that successful episodic encoding during a shallow study task relies on a subset of the regions engaged during successful encoding in a deep task...

..These results support models in which position is coded by start and end markers, but not models in which position is coded in temporal or absolute terms. Possible interpretations of an end marker are discussed...

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..This means the approach automatically selects either a sparse or a distributed model, depending on the data. The scheme is compared with conventional applications of Bayesian solutions to quantify the improvement in performance...

..We derive the respective models and show how they can be estimated efficiently using ReML. This enables the Bayesian estimation of evoked and induced changes in power or, more generally, the energy of wavelet coefficients...

..Males had increased grey matter volume bilaterally in the mesial temporal lobes, entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, and in the anterior lobes of the cerebellum, but no regions of increased grey matter concentration...

..These findings are concordant with a view of hippocampal involvement in autobiographical memory retrieval throughout the lifetime...

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..Nonetheless, forward inferences are only as good as the cognitive theories to which they pertain, and are most valuable in conjunction with other types of inference...

..We also discuss future directions for distinguishing between these models, which will be important for understanding the neural consequences of repetition and for interpreting repetition-related effects in neuroimaging data...

..We discuss whether hyperactivation of a frontoparietal network reflects compensatory strategies for failing associative memory in AD patients...