Jeremy Hall

..However, no previous studies have compared hippocampal activation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder directly...

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..We investigated whether the apparent decrease in amygdala activation in schizophrenia could actually derive from increased amygdala activation to the neutral comparator stimuli...

..Preliminary evidence in healthy control subjects has implicated genetic variation in the DAOA gene in the modulation of hippocampal complex and prefrontal cortex activation...

..We illustrate how genetic variation in genes from these classes can contribute to the development of psychosis using data from the Edinburgh High Risk Study of schizophrenia...

..We have investigated healthy control participants to see whether there is a common neural system activated during such social decisions, on the basis that deficits in this system may contribute to the impairments seen in these disorders...

..These findings are consistent with the view that medial temporal lobe and in particular amygdala function is abnormal in schizophrenia...

..We show that this variant is associated with (i) decreased activation of frontal and temporal lobe regions, (ii) increased development of psychotic symptoms and (iii) decreased premorbid IQ...

..These results suggest that the newly identified SCZ locus may influence brain activation in a manner that is partly dependent on the presence of existing genetic susceptibility for SCZ...

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..We also investigate associations between activation levels and symptom severity across the disorders...

..These findings may provide a better understanding of the neural effects of DISC1 variants and on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder...

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..The reduced amygdala connectivity in schizophrenia shown here further illuminates the neural basis for the behavioral abnormalities in emotional and social function found in the disorder...

..BDNF may therefore be one of the heritable factors involved in the development of abnormal prefrontal function in schizophrenia. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..The authors sought to determine whether there are differences in language-associated prefrontal activation that discriminate bipolar disorder and schizophrenia...

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..The present study examined longitudinal trends in prefrontal gyrification index (GI) in bipolar disorder and the effect of BDNF genotype...

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..These findings are discussed in the context of the current literature, along with possible future research directions...

..Recent theories have suggested that the inappropriate activation of limbic motivational systems in response to neutral stimuli may underlie the development of delusions in schizophrenia...

..Together, these effects show significant differences in the neural substrate for fear processing with genetic variation in BDNF...

..We examined the presence and location of ventral prefrontal abnormalities in a large sample of individuals with bipolar disorder and their relationship to gender, psychotic symptoms, and age...

..Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies suggest altered connectivity in both disorders. We aim to address the diagnostic specificity of white matter abnormalities in these disorders...

..These data therefore suggest that it is unlikely that the effects of genetic variation at rs1344706 on functional connectivity are mediated by structural integrity differences in large, long-range white matter fiber connections...

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..A family history of schizophrenia may render the brain particularly sensitive to the risk-modifying effects of these substances...

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..Such deficits are also found in other populations with clinical conditions such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder...

..Much social information is gathered from faces, and face processing represents a well-characterized model to study the basis of social deficits in schizophrenia...

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..We sought to address these uncertainties in a prospective cohort study of people with bipolar I disorder...

..In the Edinburgh High Risk Study, we have followed up 162 individuals at high genetic risk of schizophrenia and 36 healthy control subjects over 10 years...

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..There have been concerns that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are over-represented but not recognised in prison populations. A screening tool for ASDs in prisons has therefore been developed...

..It is unclear however whether differences in brain activation reported in BD and MDD are present before the onset of illness...

..These results show that males and females differ significantly in social brain function and support the view that sex differences in the social brain contribute to the greater vulnerability of males to ASDs...

..Medial temporal grey matter loss may therefore represent a common neuroanatomical substrate of risk for schizophrenia, common to familial, prodromal and cognitive high risk groups...

..Overall, the literature supports the view that there are measurable changes in brain structure and function during the genesis of the disorder, which provide opportunities for early detection and intervention...

..Here, we focus on the growing literature relating genetic variation in the DISC1 pathway to functional and structural studies of the brain in humans and in the mouse...

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..Ultimately, this review highlights that genetic imaging remains a research technique, and further progress and integration with other techniques will be required before we can predict the onset and development of schizophrenia...

..The current study does not support a genetic role for HCN channels in conferring risk of depression or cognitive impairment in individuals from the Scottish population...

..Systematic studies are needed to evaluate which of a range of plausible approaches to the classification of psychosis is most useful before change could be justified...

..This technique provides a new translatable method for testing environmental, genetic and pharmacological manipulations on emotional and cognitive processes in awake rodent models...

..We hypothesised that tests of incidental emotional memory may inform on different aspects of cognitive decline in MCI and AD...

..In this review, we discuss proven and proposed ways risk genes can be used to enhance the development and discovery of treatments for schizophrenia and highlight key studies in these approaches...

..These results demonstrate that stress in the juvenile phase can increase anxiety-like behaviour and alter cognitive bias and decision making in adulthood in a rat model...

..No study has determined whether cognitive impairments can be attributed to schizophrenia's polygenic architecture using data from GWAS...

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..We also discuss whether these deficits are specific to schizophrenia and a possible link with traumatic events...

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..Moreover, the expression of zif268 may contribute to plasticity and reconsolidation of fear memory in these dissociable pathways...

..CeA lesions had no effect on performance. Thus, the CeA is required for learning, but not expression, of a conditioned approach response, implying that it makes a specific contribution to the learning of stimulus-reward associations...