D J Gunnell

..One approach to reducing access to pesticides is for households to store pesticides in lockable "safe-storage" containers. However, before this approach can be promoted, evidence is required on its effectiveness and safety...

..There is widespread concern regarding the possible influence of the Internet on suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of Internet-related suicide in England...

..Risk of self-harm and suicide is greatly increased in the period after discharge from psychiatric in-patient care...

..This study aims to investigate geographic variations in pesticide suicide and their impact on the spatial distribution of suicide in Taiwan...

..Suicide rates changed considerably in men aged <45 years in England and Wales between 1980 and 2005. The impact of these changes on the geographic distribution of suicide is unknown...

..This proposal aims to evaluate a school-based, universal psychological intervention to reduce depressive symptoms among student's aged 13-14 attending municipal state secondary schools in Santiago, Chile...

..This study aims to investigate trends in the incidence of suicide in the Philippines, assess possible underreporting and provide information on the methods used and the reasons for suicide...

..Our aim was to determine whether this resulted in smaller overdoses of paracetamol in Ireland compared with the UK...

..We examine the emergence of three novel methods of suicide by gassing in the 20th and 21st centuries and determine the impact of emerging methods on overall suicide rates...

..To inform the development of preventive measures in these settings, this study investigates small-area variation in self-poisoning incidence and its association with area-based socioeconomic and agricultural factors...

..Relatively little is known about student and staff views regarding current school-based emotional health provision and what they would like to see in the future, and this is what this study explored...

..The aim of this large observational study was to investigate the immediate source of pesticides used for self-harm to help inform suicide prevention strategies such as reducing domestic access to pesticides...

..We are aware of no studies that investigated the association of IGF-I levels with IQ in population samples of normal children...

..To determine the risk of non-fatal self harm in the 12 months after discharge from psychiatric inpatient care...

..To investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are associated with an increased risk of suicide related outcomes in adults...

..To determine whether varenicline, a recently licensed smoking cessation product, is associated with an increased risk of suicide and suicidal behaviour compared with alternative treatments bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy...

..Studies in young male conscripts suggest that low IQ scores are associated with an increased risk of suicide. Mechanisms underlying this association are unclear...

..The incidence of suicidal thoughts in the British population is unknown...

..This review summarizes the published literature on suicide by hanging. The focus is on its epidemiology in England and on identifying potential means of prevention...

..SNP coverage of IGF1 was extensive, so our findings do not support a major role for IGF-I in the aetiology of schizophrenia...

..There are no national data on the characteristics and management of people presenting to hospital following self-harm...

..Evidence is accumulating that pesticide self-poisoning is one of the most commonly used methods of suicide worldwide, but the magnitude of the problem and the global distribution of these deaths is unknown...

..By 2005, rates had halved. We investigated whether Sri Lanka's regulatory controls on the import and sale of pesticides that are particularly toxic to humans were responsible for these changes in the incidence of suicide...

..The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of overdose suicides dying in hospital and describe their sociodemographic characteristics...

..The associations of anthropometry with IGFBP-2 merit additional investigation...

..From the public health perspective, strategies aimed at reducing weight in childhood are important but may only affect adult health if such weight reduction persists into adulthood...

..Approximately 20 % of patients repeat self-harm in the 12 months after admission. The GP's role in DSH aftercare and the prevention of repeat episodes is unclear...

..The influence of the macro-economic climate on suicide is unclear. During the recent recession, rates have increased in young males but declined in females...

..to assess the effects of an early discharge hospital-at-home scheme on self-reported carer strain and quality of life...

....

..The objective of this study was to investigate method-specific trends in suicide between 1950 and 1975 to elucidate possible explanations for the patterns seen in different demographic groups...

..We recommend restricting the quantity of drug available as a single purchase as the most pragmatic means of reducing paracetamol-related suicide and liver failure...

..Impaired intellectual performance is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia...

..Subjects come from 1477 families and are members of the Midspan Family Study...

..National suicide reduction targets should focus on PYLL and overall suicide rates...

....

..Age- and gender-specific suicide rates in England and Wales have changed considerably since 1950...

..To examine the relation between energy intake in childhood and adult mortality from cancer...

..To compare effectiveness and acceptability of early discharge to a hospital at home scheme with that of routine discharge from acute hospital...

..To compare, from the viewpoints of the NHS and social services and of patients, the costs associated with early discharge to a hospital at home scheme and those associated with continued care in an acute hospital...

..05; 0.94-1.18). Height-cancer associations were strongest for lung cancer (HR 1.21; 0.96-1.51). This analysis provides limited support for the suggestion that leg length is the component of height underlying height-cancer associations..

..There is a well-established association between pre-morbid low IQ score and schizophrenia. Psychosis-like symptoms in children may also be a risk factor for psychotic disorder but their relationship with IQ is unclear...

..Our aim was to determine whether infants receiving resuscitation after birth, but with no symptoms of encephalopathy, have reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in childhood...

..It is argued that this research points to the need for rigorous studies (such as randomized controlled trials) to assess the impact of the format of administration of the EuroQoL on the scores obtained...

..The mental health of young adults or other factors influencing suicide risk may have deteriorated more in rural than urban areas in recent years. Explanations for these trends require further investigation...

..To investigate the spatial patterning and possible contributors to the geographical distribution of suicide among 15-44- year-old men...

....

..To identify cause-of-death categories in which suicides might be misclassified in Taiwan...

..To explore trends in suicide in young people to investigate the recent observation that after year on year rises in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, rates in young men are now declining...

..Thus, screening for early cancers on the basis of LUTS may not be justified...

..Whether future studies of PLIKS will increase our understanding of mechanisms underlying the development of schizophrenia, or prove useful in prediction of this disorder, remains to be seen...

..The role of childhood exposures, as indexed by adult height and body mass index, appears to be less strong...

..Further research is needed to clarify the potential roles of social and biological intermediary factors...

..To investigate whether a nonclinical research assistant, using standardized scoring criteria, can reliably administer the Barthel Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Index in a sample of elderly inpatients...

..Breast-feeding in infancy has been associated with decreased coronary heart disease mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the association of breast-feeding with blood pressure in a contemporary cohort...

..No clear association between early drinking and breast cancer risk exists. These results are discussed in relation to possible underlying mechanisms and health promotion strategies which could reduce breast cancer risk...

..Although derived in the context of young adulthood and mental distress, this model may have wider applicability as a theoretical template for explaining non-help-seeking in other age groups and conditions, and other illness behaviours...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic position and a persistent low Apgar score (a score of < 7 at 1 and 5 min following birth)...

..Main outcome measure All completed hospital admissions with a mention of assault by sharp object (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code X99) in the relevant diagnosis fields in HES...

..There is evidence that greater body mass index (BMI) protects against depression, schizophrenia and suicide. However, there is a need for prospective studies...

..Few young adults with mental disorder seek help from a GP.Aim:To explore young adults' perceptions of GPs as a source of help for mental distress...

..Adverse health outcomes should be weighed up against advantages for children born to older parents, mindful that these societal advantages are likely to change over time...

..It is possible that some of the patterns observed are due to declining levels of social integration, but such effects do not appear to have adversely influenced patterns in older generations...

..To investigate the population impact on the incidence of suicide and non-fatal self harm of regulatory action in 2003 to restrict the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in under 18s...

..Geographic patterns of suicide are associated with area levels of social fragmentation. It is unknown whether this reflects higher levels of severe mental illness in socially fragmented areas...

..The use of standardized forms by coroners would assist studies of factors associated with suicide and potentially provide a representative source of information relevant to suicide prevention...

..The metabolic syndrome has been suggested as a unifying link between a "western" lifestyle and an increased prostate cancer risk...

..To investigate impacts of withdrawal and regulatory advice regarding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on UK population rates of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and acute myocardial infarction (MI)...

..8+ years). There was no evidence that any of the five indicators of childhood growth was more strongly related to cancer risk than the other measures...

..Some studies suggest that raised blood pressure may increase prostate cancer risk. We investigated associations of blood pressure with prostate cancer within the CONOR collaborative cohorts of Norway...

..To investigate the association of breastfeeding with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischaemic heart disease mortality...

....

....

..Current evidence on monitoring protocols and biomarkers used to predict disease progression was systematically reviewed...

..Future work should focus on elucidating the biologic mechanisms that lead to variations in birth length and underlie this association...

..To investigate the association of having been breast fed with cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, and mortality...

..To examine the association of variables from survey data on well-being with suicide rates and other markers of population mental health in Europe...

..However, few studies have examined the relationship between diet and IGF levels in children...

..It is unclear whether early life body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) is associated with adult cardiovascular disease...

..We investigated associations between breast-feeding during infancy and adult cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort study and meta-analyses of published studies...

..To investigate trends in mortality rates due to both myocardial infarction and gastrointestinal haemorrhage before and after rofecoxib withdrawal and the release of regulatory guidance regarding the use of other COX-2 inhibitors...

..19, 95% CI 0.85-1.67). Among those with a first episode of self-harm, the possible benefit of the intervention had diminished (OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.52-1.52), although a modest effect cannot be excluded...

..In this study, we investigated the association of IGF-I measured at 5 and 7-8 yr with growth in height and the components of height (leg and trunk length) from 5 yr to 9-10 yr...

..The aim of the present study was to examine the association between early diet - in particular, the intakes of cows' milk and dairy products - and height, leg length and IGF-I levels at age 7-8 years...

..Our estimates suggest that increasing breast-feeding from 50% to 100% would prevent at most 5% of cases of childhood acute leukemia or lymphoma. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..Larger studies of this issue are required, together with studies of maternal genotype which could identify whether maternal folate status during pregnancy is important...

..We investigated associations of having been breastfed with serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in childhood...

..The impact of breastfeeding in infancy on cardiovascular disease risk is uncertain. We related breastfeeding in infancy to atherosclerosis in adulthood...

..We investigated the influence of the childhood growth of the mother or father on the birth weight of their first-born offspring...

..We investigated whether the subsequent 50% fall in HRT use in England impacted on population rates of these outcomes...

..To document the impact on clinical practice in England of media attention around possible adverse effects of paroxetine...

..We investigated the relationship of prostate cancer with height and its components (leg and trunk length) in a nested case-control study and with height in a dose-response meta-analysis...

....

..Previous ecological studies have focused on relatively large geographic areas and/or examined associations in all age groups combined...

..Associations between IGFBP-3 and prostate cancer were inconsistent, and there was little evidence for a role of IGF-II, IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-2 in prostate cancer risk...

..We have investigated the reasons for this and the characteristics of patients associated with self-discharge or planned discharge without a psychosocial assessment...