P J Goulder

Summary

Affiliation: University of Oxford
Country: UK

Publications

  1. ncbi Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication
    Philip J R Goulder
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
    Nat Rev Immunol 8:619-30. 2008
  2. ncbi HIV and SIV CTL escape: implications for vaccine design
    Philip J R Goulder
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, UK
    Nat Rev Immunol 4:630-40. 2004
  3. ncbi Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection and CTL escape through HLA-A2-SLYNTVATL epitope sequence variation
    P J Goulder
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Level 7, Room 7615, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
    Immunol Lett 79:109-16. 2001
  4. ncbi Rapid definition of five novel HLA-A*3002-restricted human immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes by elispot and intracellular cytokine staining assays
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Virol 75:1339-47. 2001
  5. ncbi Substantial differences in specificity of HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells in acute and chronic HIV infection
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Exp Med 193:181-94. 2001
  6. ncbi Differential narrow focusing of immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in infected African and caucasoid adults and children
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Virol 74:5679-90. 2000
  7. ncbi Functionally inert HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not play a major role in chronically infected adults and children
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Exp Med 192:1819-32. 2000
  8. ncbi Cellular immune responses and viral diversity in individuals treated during acute and early HIV-1 infection
    M Altfeld
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Exp Med 193:169-80. 2001
  9. ncbi HLA-B57-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in a single infected subject toward two optimal epitopes, one of which is entirely contained within the other
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Virol 74:5291-9. 2000
  10. ncbi Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effector and memory responses decline after suppression of viremia with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    S A Kalams
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    J Virol 73:6721-8. 1999

Detail Information

Publications64

  1. ncbi Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication
    Philip J R Goulder
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
    Nat Rev Immunol 8:619-30. 2008
    ..Here, we review recent studies of T-cell-mediated control of HIV and SIV infection, and offer insight for the design of a successful T-cell-based HIV vaccine in the future...
  2. ncbi HIV and SIV CTL escape: implications for vaccine design
    Philip J R Goulder
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, UK
    Nat Rev Immunol 4:630-40. 2004
  3. ncbi Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection and CTL escape through HLA-A2-SLYNTVATL epitope sequence variation
    P J Goulder
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Level 7, Room 7615, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
    Immunol Lett 79:109-16. 2001
    ..In conclusion, these studies highlighted the obstacles to demonstrating CTL escape arising at this particular epitope. Alternative strategies likely to be more definitive are discussed...
  4. ncbi Rapid definition of five novel HLA-A*3002-restricted human immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes by elispot and intracellular cytokine staining assays
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Virol 75:1339-47. 2001
    ..This simple and convenient approach should prove useful especially in the characterization of CTL responses specific to HIV and other viruses, particularly in localities where performing cytotoxicity assays would be problematic...
  5. ncbi Substantial differences in specificity of HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells in acute and chronic HIV infection
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Exp Med 193:181-94. 2001
    ..This finding is an important consideration in vaccine design and in the evaluation of vaccine candidates...
  6. ncbi Differential narrow focusing of immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in infected African and caucasoid adults and children
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Virol 74:5679-90. 2000
    ..The fine focusing of dominant CTL responses to these few regions of high immunogenicity is of significance to vaccine design...
  7. ncbi Functionally inert HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not play a major role in chronically infected adults and children
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Exp Med 192:1819-32. 2000
    ..These data together show that functionally inert CTLs do not play a significant role in chronic pediatric or adult HIV infection...
  8. ncbi Cellular immune responses and viral diversity in individuals treated during acute and early HIV-1 infection
    M Altfeld
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Exp Med 193:169-80. 2001
    ..These data also provide rationale for therapeutic immunization aimed at broadening CTL responses in treated primary HIV infection...
  9. ncbi HLA-B57-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in a single infected subject toward two optimal epitopes, one of which is entirely contained within the other
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Virol 74:5291-9. 2000
    ..In addition, these studies demonstrate marked differences in the length of peptides presented by HLA-B57, an allele which is associated with nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection...
  10. ncbi Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effector and memory responses decline after suppression of viremia with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    S A Kalams
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    J Virol 73:6721-8. 1999
    ....
  11. ncbi The HIV-1 regulatory proteins Tat and Rev are frequently targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes derived from HIV-1-infected individuals
    M M Addo
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:1781-6. 2001
    ..Despite the small size of these proteins, multiple CTL epitopes were identified in each. These data indicate that Tat and Rev are frequently targeted by CTL in natural HIV-1 infection and may be important targets for HIV vaccines...
  12. ncbi Evolution and transmission of stable CTL escape mutations in HIV infection
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    Nature 412:334-8. 2001
    ..These data suggest that CTL escape mutations in epitopes associated with suppression of viraemia will accumulate as the epidemic progresses, and therefore have important implications for vaccine design...
  13. ncbi Rapid characterization of HIV clade C-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in infected African children and adults
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 918:330-45. 2000
    ....
  14. ncbi Identification of novel HLA-A2-restricted human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes predicted by the HLA-A2 supertype peptide-binding motif
    M A Altfeld
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    J Virol 75:1301-11. 2001
    ....
  15. ncbi Characterization of a novel respiratory syncytial virus-specific human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    J Virol 74:7694-7. 2000
    ..This HLA B7-restricted epitope in nucleoprotein (NP) was detectable in four healthy, B7-positive adult subjects using B7-RSV-NP tetrameric complexes to stain CD8(+) T cells...
  16. ncbi Vpr is preferentially targeted by CTL during HIV-1 infection
    M Altfeld
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
    J Immunol 167:2743-52. 2001
    ..These findings will be important in evaluating the specificity and breadth of immune responses during acute and chronic infection, and in the design and testing of candidate HIV vaccines...
  17. ncbi Oligoclonal expansions of CD8(+) T cells in chronic HIV infection are antigen specific
    J D Wilson
    Molecular Immunology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
    J Exp Med 188:785-90. 1998
    ....
  18. ncbi Antagonism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis by natural HIV-1 altered peptide ligands requires simultaneous presentation of agonist and antagonist peptides
    A K Sewell
    Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, GB
    Eur J Immunol 27:2323-9. 1997
    ..We found no evidence that CTL exposed to an antagonist received a functionally negative signal since these CTL retained an unimpaired capacity to lyse targets bearing wild-type peptide...
  19. ncbi Control of human immunodeficiency virus replication by cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting subdominant epitopes
    Nicole Frahm
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Nat Immunol 7:173-8. 2006
    ..These data suggest that subdominant responses can contribute to in vivo viral control and that high HLA allele frequencies may drive the elimination of subdominant yet effective epitopes from circulating viral populations...
  20. ncbi Efficacious early antiviral activity of HIV Gag- and Pol-specific HLA-B 2705-restricted CD8+ T cells
    Rebecca P Payne
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
    J Virol 84:10543-57. 2010
    ....
  21. ncbi Passive sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants and adaptation in new hosts
    A J Frater
    The James Martin 21st Century School, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
    J Virol 80:7226-34. 2006
    ..Host-specific, idiosyncratic HIV-1 antigenic diversity will seriously tax the efficacy of immunization based on consensus sequences...
  22. ncbi Mutually exclusive T-cell receptor induction and differential susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutational escape associated with a two-amino-acid difference between HLA class I subtypes
    Xu G Yu
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 5212, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    J Virol 81:1619-31. 2007
    ..These data show the influence of HLA allele subtypes on TCR selection and indicate that extensive TCR diversity is not a prerequisite to prevention of allowable viral mutations...
  23. ncbi Heat shock protein-mediated cross-presentation of exogenous HIV antigen on HLA class I and class II
    Devi SenGupta
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    J Immunol 173:1987-93. 2004
    ....
  24. ncbi Selection, transmission, and reversion of an antigen-processing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    Todd M Allen
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Partners AIDS Research Center, Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    J Virol 78:7069-78. 2004
    ..Moreover, reversion of these mutations in the absence of the original immune pressure reveals the potential plasticity of immunologically selected evolutionary changes...
  25. ncbi Escape from the dominant HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in Gag is associated with a dramatic reduction in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication
    Arne Schneidewind
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    J Virol 81:12382-93. 2007
    ....
  26. ncbi The majority of currently circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B viruses fail to prime cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against an otherwise immunodominant HLA-A2-restricted epitope: implications for vaccine design
    Marcus Altfeld
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
    J Virol 79:5000-5. 2005
    ....
  27. ncbi Proliferative capacity of epitope-specific CD8 T-cell responses is inversely related to viral load in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    Cheryl L Day
    Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
    J Virol 81:434-8. 2007
    ..This robust inverse relationship provides an important functional correlate of viral control relevant to both vaccine design and evaluation...
  28. ncbi Paediatric HIV infection: correlates of protective immunity and global perspectives in prevention and management
    P J Goulder
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    Br Med Bull 58:89-108. 2001
    ....
  29. ncbi Precise identification of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antigen processing mutant
    Peter Zimbwa
    The James Martin 21st Century School at The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
    J Virol 81:2031-8. 2007
    ..This study highlights the potential for using known statistical associations as indicators for viral escape but also the complexity involved in interpreting the immunological consequences of amino acid changes in HIV sequences...
  30. ncbi Differential selection pressure exerted on HIV by CTL targeting identical epitopes but restricted by distinct HLA alleles from the same HLA supertype
    Alasdair Leslie
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
    J Immunol 177:4699-708. 2006
    ..These findings are of relevance to vaccine approaches that seek to exploit HLA supertypes to overcome the problem of HLA diversity...
  31. ncbi HIV-1 viral escape in infancy followed by emergence of a variant-specific CTL response
    Margaret E Feeney
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Immunol 174:7524-30. 2005
    ..Taken together, these findings indicate that the developing immune system of children may exhibit greater plasticity in responding to a continually evolving chronic viral infection...
  32. ncbi HLA-mediated control of HIV and HIV adaptation to HLA
    Rebecca P Payne
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
    Adv Parasitol 68:1-20. 2009
    ....
  33. ncbi Important contribution of p15 Gag-specific responses to the total Gag-specific CTL responses
    Xu G Yu
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    AIDS 16:321-8. 2002
    ....
  34. ncbi Compensatory mutation partially restores fitness and delays reversion of escape mutation within the immunodominant HLA-B*5703-restricted Gag epitope in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    Hayley Crawford
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
    J Virol 81:8346-51. 2007
    ..These data may help explain the observed association between HLA-B*5703 and long-term control of viremia...
  35. ncbi Additive contribution of HLA class I alleles in the immune control of HIV-1 infection
    Alasdair Leslie
    Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
    J Virol 84:9879-88. 2010
    ..Taken together, these data suggest that although individual HLA alleles, particularly HLA-B, can have a strong impact, HIV control overall is likely to be influenced by the additive effect of some or all of the other HLA alleles present...
  36. ncbi Immune selection for altered antigen processing leads to cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape in chronic HIV-1 infection
    Rika Draenert
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    J Exp Med 199:905-15. 2004
    ..These results demonstrate that allele-associated sequence variation within the flanking region of CTL epitopes can alter antigen processing. Identifying such mutations is of major relevance in the construction of vaccine sequences...
  37. ncbi Central role of reverting mutations in HLA associations with human immunodeficiency virus set point
    Philippa C Matthews
    Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, United Kingdom
    J Virol 82:8548-59. 2008
    ..The significance of these results is in highlighting the rationale for an HIV vaccine that can induce these broad responses...
  38. ncbi Reconstitution of virus-specific CD4 proliferative responses in pediatric HIV-1 infection
    Margaret E Feeney
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Immunol 171:6968-75. 2003
    ..009) and of greater magnitude (p = 0.002). These data suggest that children may have a greater intrinsic capacity to reconstitute HIV-1-specific immunity than adults, and may be excellent candidates for immune-based therapies...
  39. ncbi Evolution of HLA-B*5703 HIV-1 escape mutations in HLA-B*5703-positive individuals and their transmission recipients
    Hayley Crawford
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, England, UK
    J Exp Med 206:909-21. 2009
    ..These data underline the need for a CTL vaccine against multiple conserved epitopes...
  40. ncbi HIV-1 superinfection despite broad CD8+ T-cell responses containing replication of the primary virus
    Marcus Altfeld
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    Nature 420:434-9. 2002
    ..The lack of cross-protective immunity for closely related HIV-1 strains, despite persistent recognition of multiple CD8 epitopes, has important implications for public health and vaccine development...
  41. ncbi Functional consequences of human immunodeficiency virus escape from an HLA-B*13-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitope in p1 Gag protein
    Julia G Prado
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
    J Virol 83:1018-25. 2009
    ..These studies illustrate the apparent trade-off available to the virus between evasion of CTL recognition in p1 Gag and the functional consequences for viral fitness...
  42. ncbi Control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with HLA-B*13 and targeting of multiple gag-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes
    Isobella Honeyborne
    Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
    J Virol 81:3667-72. 2007
    ..These data are consistent with data from studies of other HLA-class I alleles associated with HIV control that have shown that the targeting of multiple Gag epitopes is associated with relative suppression of viremia...
  43. ncbi Motif inference reveals optimal CTL epitopes presented by HLA class I alleles highly prevalent in southern Africa
    Isobella Honeyborne
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
    J Immunol 176:4699-705. 2006
    ..These data indicate that the previously anomalous position of HLA-A*2902 among HLA-A alleles, outside any recognized HLA-A supertype, is artifactual, and the true position of the A*2902 motif overlaps those of the A1 and A24 supertypes...
  44. ncbi HLA-B63 presents HLA-B57/B58-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes and is associated with low human immunodeficiency virus load
    Nicole Frahm
    Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, No. 5214, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    J Virol 79:10218-25. 2005
    ..The data support an important role of the presented epitope in mediating relative control of HIV replication and help to better define immune correlates of controlled HIV infection...
  45. ncbi Differences in the expressed HLA class I alleles effect the differential clustering of HIV type 1-specific T cell responses in infected Chinese and caucasians
    Xu G Yu
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20:557-64. 2004
    ....
  46. ncbi HLA footprints on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are associated with interclade polymorphisms and intraclade phylogenetic clustering
    Philippa C Matthews
    Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
    J Virol 83:4605-15. 2009
    ..In conclusion, these data highlight the fact that HLA can be a strong selection force for both intra- and interclade HIV evolution at a population level...
  47. ncbi Comparison of overlapping peptide sets for detection of antiviral CD8 and CD4 T cell responses
    Rika Draenert
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
    J Immunol Methods 275:19-29. 2003
    ..We conclude that peptides ranging from 15 to 20 amino acids yield similar results in IFN-gamma-based Elispot and ICS assays, and that all are likely to underestimate the true breadth of responses to a given reference strain of virus...
  48. ncbi Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA
    Photini Kiepiela
    HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban 4015, South Africa
    Nature 432:769-75. 2004
    ..The dominant involvement of HLA-B in influencing HIV disease outcome is of specific relevance to the direction of HIV research and to vaccine design...
  49. ncbi HIV-1 superinfection--a word of caution
    Philip J R Goulder
    N Engl J Med 347:756-8. 2002
  50. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T-cell activity is detectable from birth in the majority of in utero-infected infants
    Christina F Thobakgale
    HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
    J Virol 81:12775-84. 2007
    ..Moreover, the detection of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the first days of life in most in utero-infected infants is encouraging for HIV vaccine interventions in infants...
  51. ncbi HLA class I-driven evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype c proteome: immune escape and viral load
    Christine M Rousseau
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 8070, USA
    J Virol 82:6434-46. 2008
    ....
  52. ncbi Consistent patterns in the development and immunodominance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses following acute HIV-1 infection
    Xu G Yu
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    J Virol 76:8690-701. 2002
    ..These studies have important implications for vaccine design and evaluation...
  53. ncbi Extensive intrasubtype recombination in South African human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C infections
    Christine M Rousseau
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 8070, USA
    J Virol 81:4492-500. 2007
    ..Thus, intrasubtype recombinants are common within the subtype C epidemic and these impact analyses of HIV-1 evolution...
  54. ncbi HIV-1 Vpu represents a minor target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HIV-1-infection
    Marylyn M Addo
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    AIDS 16:1071-3. 2002
    ..The epitope was shown to be highly conserved among HIV clade B sequences and is restricted by HLA-A*3303, an HLA allele commonly seen in Asian and west-African populations...
  55. ncbi Unique acquisition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape mutants in infant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    Thillagavathie Pillay
    The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
    J Virol 79:12100-5. 2005
    ..The unique acquisition of these CTL escape forms may help to explain the severe nature of some pediatric HIV infections...
  56. ncbi PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression
    Cheryl L Day
    HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
    Nature 443:350-4. 2006
    ..Moreover, this pathway of reversible T-cell impairment provides a potential target for enhancing the function of exhausted T cells in chronic HIV infection...
  57. ncbi Enhanced detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific T-cell responses to highly variable regions by using peptides based on autologous virus sequences
    Marcus Altfeld
    Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    J Virol 77:7330-40. 2003
    ..They also demonstrate that CD8 T-cell responses to the variable HIV-1 proteins are more common than previously reported...
  58. ncbi Impact of intrapeptide epitope location on CD8 T cell recognition: implications for design of overlapping peptide panels
    Rika Draenert
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Division of AIDS, Boston, MA, USA
    AIDS 18:871-6. 2004
    ..CONCLUSION: When using overlapping peptides to screen for CD8 T cell responses, more sensitive detection will be achieved using known C-terminal anchor amino acid residues at the C-terminus...
  59. ncbi Transmission of HIV-1 Gag immune escape mutations is associated with reduced viral load in linked recipients
    Paul A Goepfert
    Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
    J Exp Med 205:1009-17. 2008
    ..In addition to their direct implications for HIV-1 vaccine design, these data suggest that CTL-induced viral polymorphisms and their associated in vivo viral fitness costs could have a significant impact on HIV-1 pathogenesis...
  60. ncbi Detection of HIV type 1 gag-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in acutely infected infants
    Danni Ramduth
    HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, 4013 Durban, South Africa
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:265-70. 2008
    ..Among untreated infants HIV-specific CD4(+) responses were detected sporadically indicating a dysfunctional immune response in the face of constant exposure to high levels of viremia...
  61. ncbi Broad and Gag-biased HIV-1 epitope repertoires are associated with lower viral loads
    Morgane Rolland
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
    PLoS ONE 3:e1424. 2008
    ..e., the intrinsic ability to present fewer, more or specific viral epitopes, could affect clinical markers of disease progression...
  62. ncbi Nevirapine plus zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV
    Philip J R Goulder
    N Engl J Med 351:2013-5; author reply 2013-5. 2004
  63. ncbi Intrapatient escape in the A*0201-restricted epitope SLYNTVATL drives evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at the population level
    Charles T T Edwards
    Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
    J Virol 79:9363-6. 2005
    ..Using this approach, we revealed a pattern of A*0201-driven escape within patients, followed by the sustained transmission of these escape variants among patients irrespective of their HLA type...
  64. ncbi Large-scale amplification, cloning and sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 subtype C genomes
    Christine M Rousseau
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 8070, USA
    J Virol Methods 136:118-25. 2006
    ..The methods are readily adaptable to other HIV-1 subtypes, and provide materials for viral functional analyses and population-based molecular epidemiology studies that include analysis of viral genome chimerization...