Geoffrey Gill

..3% at 80+ years; in females the corresponding figures were 0.4% and 9.3%. The gap between crude and CR-estimated prevalence points to a rate of 'hidden diabetes' that has substantial implications for future diabetes care...

..Future improvements depend on practical and sustainable support, coupled with local acceptance of diabetes as a major threat to the future health and quality of life of sub-Saharan Africans...

..Control is often poor and complications are common. However, adequate robust surveys are uncommon, particularly in remote rural areas. This makes needs assessment difficult and health-care planning impossible...

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..The pattern of dissemination was also not that of a true hyperinfection syndrome, and the case demonstrates the continued need for diagnostic vigilance amongst former soldiers who were based in the Far East...

..We aimed to set up and evaluate a nurse-led protocol and education-based system in rural Kwazulu Natal in South Africa...

..Under conditions of immunosuppression (particularly systemic corticosteroid treatment) potentially fatal dissemination of larvae ('hyperinfection') may occur...

..To investigate awareness of pharmacotherapeutic aids to smoking cessation in diabetic cigarette smokers...

..To determine whether impaired cell membrane permeability exists in critically ill patients with "sick cell" type hyponatraemia...

..To assess the long-term (20 years) mortality, with causes of death, in a cohort of Type 1 diabetic patients resident in Soweto, South Africa...

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..Since publication of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) in 1998, there has been a clear evidence base for tight glycaemic (HBA(1c) < 7.0%) and blood pressure (BP < 140/85 mmHg) control...

..We investigated this theoretical mechanism using continuous ECG and continuous glucose monitoring in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes...

..To determine the characteristics, causes and outcome of severe hyponatraemia (< 125 mmol/l) in hospitalized patients, and to identify mortality predictors...

..We therefore investigated in detail a cohort of diabetic patients from this region to clarify the nature of this type of diabetes...

..The IIF has developed a position statement on the provision and choice of diabetes treatments in resource-limited settings which should be applicable wherever consideration of resources is a component of therapeutic decision making...

..Diabetes and insulin-treated diabetes is an emotive and difficult issue, for which a stronger evidence base is urgently needed...

..Capture-recapture analysis is feasible, but requires suitable lists with acceptable overlap of patients...

..We conclude that a simple change from once- to twice-daily insulin, without monitoring or support, can lead to a significant improvement in the overall glycaemic control, and is suitable for resource-limited tropical countries...

..This study assessed postprandial hyperglycemia, which a risk factor for CAD, in blacks with and without CAD...

..Log HOMA IR and QUICKI were comparable to the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp and these surrogate indices provided a valid method to estimate insulin sensitivity/resistance in our patients...

..Though still relatively expensive (pound 4 per test), this meter does give the opportunity for practical and appropriate HbA1c testing in tropical climes, and should be considered for at least intermittent use in diabetic patients...

..Attempts at the detection and eradication of the infections in the surviving veterans are recommended...

..0003). We conclude that nasal MRSA carriage in diabetic patients is a significant risk factor for foot ulcer MRSA infection...

..Nocturnal hypoglycaemia (NH) remains a problem in type 1 diabetes and spontaneous asymptomatic NH may be a risk factor for sudden death ('Dead in Bed' syndrome)...

..Inflammation is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome and CAD. This study evaluated markers of inflammation in black CAD patients, some of whom had metabolic syndrome...

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..All patients were taking human insulin at the time of death but most had been changed from animal insulin between 6 months and 2 years earlier and there was nothing to implicate the species of insulin as a factor in these deaths...

..With the growing use of insulin in the elderly, brittle diabetes is likely to be encountered increasingly often in this age-group...

..The factors which influence diabetic patients' 'responsiveness to change' require further investigation...

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..Investigation of the survivors has provided unique insights into the medical outcome of deprivation in tropical environments...

..To explore this further, we examined the characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a large cohort of long duration T1DM in the United Kingdom (UK)...

..We conclude that severe hypoglycaemia is a frequent and important acute diabetic complication in Soweto. Patient education and care in prescribing for Type 2 diabetic patients may help reduce its occurrence and severity...

..Here resolution of diabetes may occur after presentation, though complete return to normoglycaemia after true DKA is very unusual...

..There is an increasing incidence of anaemia in diabetes despite the absence of significant renal impairment...

..To clarify the relationship of aerobic fitness and handgrip strength with glycaemic control (HbA1c), body composition and lipid profile in Type 1 diabetes...

..Further work is needed, focusing on more standardized surveys--previous studies vary in their use of blood or plasma, as well as cut-off levels for hyperglycaemia--and larger intervention studies...

..The present study aimed at investigating whether CIMT is a predictor of CAD in South African black patients...

..To explore the association between dyslipidaemia and albuminuria at the extreme of diabetes duration...

..Abdominal obesity was significantly related to insulin resistance. Previously undiagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DM were common abnormalities...

..To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its possible causes and to assess its control in a high secure hospital...

..Diabetes care delivery in rural Africa is difficult. Problems include lack of dedicated personnel, monitoring systems, laboratory support and drugs. Few structured intervention projects have been undertaken, none with long-term follow-up...

..To determine the long-term (20 years from presentation) outcome of brittle type 1 diabetes characterized by recurrent episodes of ketoacidosis (DKA)...

..Small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are implicated in atherogenesis. Little is known about postprandial lipaemia or small, dense LDL particles in urbanised black South Africans...

..The diet of diabetic residents did not comply with current recommendations. Undernutrition is common in both groups...

..Although scoring systems exist for critically ill patients, usually in intensive care units (ICUs), there are no specific mortality prediction systems for general acute admissions...

..Hence, preventive efforts for both foot and hand sepsis include aggressive glucose control, and education on hand and foot care and the importance of seeking medical attention promptly at the earliest onset of symptoms..

..The present study aims to examine the long-term outcome in terms of amputations and mortality in patients with new-onset diabetic foot ulcers in subgroups stratified by etiology...

..003), especially in those diagnosed at age 5 years or younger, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the rise of type 1 diabetes is due to a major environmental effect...