Tamara S Galloway

..It is concluded thatthe incorporation of chemical immunoassays with biological monitoring tools into routine management procedures is clearly viable and valuable as a means of identifying toxic impacts of pollutants on biota in situ...

..The timing is consistent with acute viral infection, but the implications for future insulin dependent diabetes will await long-term follow-up of the children and mothers involved...

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..The use of a holistic, integrated approach of this kind is advocated as a practical means of assessing the impact of chemical contamination on organismal health and of ranking the status of marine ecosystems...

..Priorities for future research are also identified...

..This holistic integrated approach is essential to identify the full impact of chemical contamination on organisms, and enables the sensitivity of organisms to be ranked and key sentinel species for specific habitats to be identified...

..This holistic approach to environmental assessment is encouraged as it helps to identify the integrated impact of chemical contamination on organisms and to provide a realistic measure of environmental quality...

..Bisphenol A concentrations in leachates from municipal waste disposal sites in tropical Asia ranged from sub microg l(-1) to mg l(-1) and were correlated with the level of economic development...

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..After the acute oil exposure had subsided, no recovery of immune function was observed indicating potential for prolonged sublethal effects...

..With this in mind, this paper addresses these potential questions and shows how, by taking a weight-of-evidence approach, biomarkers may be successfully incorporated within environmental risk assessment frameworks such as the WFD...

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..Consumption of contaminated mussels was shown to cause highly significant abnormal behavior that, in the wild, may affect the feeding ability of crabs and make them more vulnerable to predation...

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..Thus extreme care must be taken in interpreting biodegradation data from recalcitrant UCM hydrocarbons...

..Furthermore, our analysis highlights the need for cooperation between those working with biomarkers within human and environmental risk assessment to exchange best practice between common disciplines for mutual advantage...

..The ecotoxicological significance of these findings for the environmental monitoring of pesticide exposure is discussed...

..We conclude that Hg can cause inflammation in mussels in vivo, and that stimulation with LPS can greatly increase Hg-dependent immunotoxicity...

..However, plastics are exceedingly durable and so further work using a wider range of organisms, polymers, and periods of exposure will be required to establish the biological consequences of this debris...

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..However, the impact of long-term continuous exposure and high-level acute exposure to oil is still unknown, and may have consequences for disease resistance and hence survival...

..05). This study highlights the effectiveness of using FF and SFS as a rapid and cost-effective biomonitoring tool for detecting PAH contamination...

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..Such differences in sensitivity to contamination between life-cycle stages of the same species have to be taken into account during the risk assessment process...

..We propose a regulatory framework for biomarkers based on a weight of evidence approach that can integrate biomarkers in risk assessment and long-term monitoring programmes...

..Fluorimetric results correlated well with those obtained by HPLC/F and ELISA techniques. The technique has great potential as a rapid, inexpensive and non-destructive technique for field biomonitoring of PAH exposure in crustaceans...

..The overall level of phagocytosis and cytotoxic capability following the LPS challenge was lower in phenanthrene exposed scallops and may have consequences for disease resistance in this commercially-exploited species...

..Superdispersant-25 was found overall to be less toxic than Corexit 9527 and its sublethal effects more likely to be reversible following short-term exposure...

..g. priority should perhaps be focused on the polycyclic monoaromatic acids and the aliphatic pentacyclic acids). If shown to be accurate, these compounds can then be targeted for toxicity reduction remediation efforts...

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..marina. Thus, plastics may be important agents in the transport of hydrophobic contaminants to sediment-dwelling organisms...

..aquaticus, 1.1 micromol Pi/mg/h, and for D. polymorpha, 0.38 micromol Pi/mg/h, are probably the first reported for these species...

..The method was validated with two reference mutagens: Methylmethanesulfonate, a direct acting mutagen; and benzo[a]pyrene an indirect acting reference mutagen...

..0005; R2 = 61.5%). Possible mechanisms by which TBT could damage DNA either directly or indirectly are discussed including the possibility that TBT is genotoxic due to its ability to disrupt calcium homeostasis...

..007 mg/l (P = 0.0003). Thus the immune function and well being of the mussels was significantly impacted in the absence of measurable inhibition of haemolymph AChE...

..colbecki to chlorpyrifos compared to species from temperate areas may also be inferred. The in situ study indicated no differences in the environmental quality of the three study sites located around the Italian Base...

..Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in epoxy resins lining food and beverage containers. Evidence of effects in animals has generated concern over low-level chronic exposures in humans...

..They also suggest that for some effluents, genotoxic and immune end points may be more sensitive than estrogenic (endocrine-mediated) end points as indicators of exposure in fish...

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..This article discusses these challenges and describes some of the research initiatives that will help achieve integrated ecosystem management in Europe...

..The development of rapid microbial biomarker tools represents a significant advance in the field of environmental biomonitoring and the prediction of metal bioavailability...

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