C R Gale

..2-11.9). Plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in people with poorer renal function, but they did not explain the associations we found between carotid atherosclerosis and creatinine clearance or serum creatinine...

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..Results showed that men, but not women, with probable anxiety at baseline had an increased risk of fracture...

..Men and women with higher intelligence in childhood are less likely as adults to report chronic widespread pain...

..People with higher intelligence in early life have a lower subsequent risk of coronary heart disease events, but the explanation for these observations is unclear...

..Low birth weight increases the risk of childhood behavioural problems, but it is not clear whether poor foetal growth has a long-term influence on susceptibility to depression...

..Although many studies have examined the relation between type of milk received in infancy and subsequent cognition, there has been no investigation of the possible effect of variations in the weaning diet...

..In animal models, a restricted or unbalanced maternal diet during gestation can influence susceptibility to atherosclerosis, but the relation in humans between maternal diet during pregnancy and atherogenesis is unknown...

..We investigated the effects of head growth prenatally, during infancy, and during later periods of development on cognitive function at the ages of 4 and 8 years...

..We investigated the relation between grip strength, body composition, and cause-specific and total mortality in 800 men and women aged 65 and over...

..To examine the relation between IQ in childhood and vegetarianism in adulthood...

..It is unclear whether lower ability influences the risk of particular patterns of comorbidity...

..As oily fish is a major dietary source of omega-3 fatty acids, it is possible that low intake of fish during pregnancy may have adverse effects on the developing fetal brain...

..How women's intelligence in childhood affects their smoking behaviour as mothers is unclear...

..Evidence suggests that babies' fat mass at birth is greater if their mothers were themselves fatter during pregnancy, but it is unclear whether this association persists into childhood...

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..To investigate whether psychomotor coordination as a potential marker of the construct "system integrity" explains associations between intelligence and these outcomes...

..Several small studies, based wholly or largely on women, suggested that globus is associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and somatic concern...

..How older people feel about their neighbourhood may be important for positive mental health in later life...

..Few data are available on the importance of antioxidant vitamins in earlier stages of atherogenesis...

..040), after adjustment for gestational age and cardiovascular risk factors. These results provide little evidence that impaired fetal growth increases susceptibility to atherogenesis...

..Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in older people, but the relative importance of factors operating in early and later life in influencing risk is unclear, particularly in the case of anxiety...

..The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used but evaluation of its psychometric properties has produced equivocal results. Little is known about its structure in non-clinical samples of older people...

..To investigate the relation between breastfeeding, use of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-fortified formula and neuropsychological function in children...

..To investigate the relation between plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and age-related macular degeneration in a group of elderly men and women...

..We explored the association between fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (undiagnosed and diagnosed) and depression in middle-aged men...

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..To investigate whether exposure to high maternal concentrations of 25(OH)-vitamin D in pregnancy poses any risk to the child...

..These results suggest that brain growth during infancy and early childhood is more important than growth during foetal life in determining cognitive function...

..We investigated whether impaired fetal growth leads to an increased risk of atherosclerosis by assessment of the carotid and lower-limb arteries in a group of people aged around 70 years for whom birthweight data were available...

..The presence of these relationships at birth adds to the evidence that bone and muscle growth may be programmed by genetic and/or environmental influences during intrauterine life...

..CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a diet rich in carotenoids may protect against cataract development, but because they are based on observational data, they need to be confirmed in randomized controlled trials...

..To determine whether poor fetal growth, as determined by size at birth, is associated with an increased risk of age-related cataract...

..Vitamin D supplementation of pregnant women, especially during winter months, could lead to longlasting reductions in the risk of osteoporotic fracture in their offspring...

..These results suggest that brain development during infancy and early childhood is important in determining how well cognitive abilities are preserved in old age...

..The aim of the present analyses was to examine the association between cortisol, DHEA sulphate (DHEAS) and the cortisol:DHEAS ratio and mortality...

..We examined the relation of premorbid intelligence with risk of hospital admission and with total admission rates, for the whole range of mental disorders...

..We conclude that dietary patterns consistent with current advice for healthy eating during pregnancy are associated with greater bone size and BMD in the offspring at 9 yr of age...

..But because only limited data are available on their nutritional status prior to supplementation, it is hard to assess whether general practitioners are prescribing these supplements appropriately...

..In animal models, maternal diet alters offspring body composition, accompanied by epigenetic changes in metabolic control genes. Little is known about whether such processes operate in humans...

..We observed wide variations in current infant feeding practice, but these variations were not associated with differences in childhood bone mass at age 4 years...

..Most studies of infant diet and later body composition focus on milk feeding; few consider the influence of variations in the weaning diet...

..To determine whether poor fetal growth, as determined by size at birth, is associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration...

..We have investigated relationships between glucocorticoid production and features of the Metabolic Syndrome in a cohort of elderly subjects...

..We examined for associations of maternal folate status and dietary intake during pregnancy with brain growth and childhood behavioural difficulties in the offspring...

..Progress towards the prevention of frailty would bring major health and socio-economic benefits at the individual and the population level...

..0001). At least in men, high intelligence may indeed be a risk factor for bipolar disorder, but only in the minority of cases who have the disorder in a pure form with no psychiatric comorbidity...

..To investigate the relation between myopia and variations in three genes coding for matrix metalloproteinases, enzymes that degrade matrix proteins and modulate scleral extensibility...

..6%. CONCLUSION: Impaired fetal growth may have long-term effects on cardiac structure. This may help to explain why adults whose birth weight was low are at greater risk for coronary heart disease...

..This study confirms social attitudes as a major, novel field of adult human activity that is related to childhood intelligence differences...

..We examined if episodes of diarrhoea in childhood, a recognized proxy for acute dehydration, were related to measured blood pressure and coronary heart disease in older adults...

..To examine the relation of scores on tests of mental ability across childhood with established risk factors for premature mortality at the age of 30 years...

..In the largest study to date to examine the relation, there was no evidence that diarrhoea in early life had an influence on later CHD mortality...

..The purpose of this work was to examine the relation of scores on tests of mental ability in childhood with food consumption and physical activity in adulthood...

..Examine the relation between IQ in early adulthood and later coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, and assess the extent to which established risk factors measured in middle-age might explain this gradient...

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