N C Fox

..This may have implications for the detection and treatment of Alzheimer's disease at an early stage...

..The change over time can then be calculated automatically using boundary shift or fluid measures, with boundary shift giving most similar results to manual...

..There may be a further genetic factor involved in the etiology of autosomal dominant early onset AD...

..In addition, the pattern of atrophy in semantic dementia suggests that semantic memory is subserved by anterior temporal lobe structures, within which the middle and inferior temporal gyri may play a key role...

..Longitudinal MRI, neuropsychological and clinical data are presented over the decade preceding this man's diagnosis, through the asymptomatic and prodromal preludes to his presentation with MCI and on to eventual conversion to AD...

..This may prove useful in assessing disease-modifying treatments. We investigated how caudate and global volumes change as HD progresses from premanifest to early disease...

..These results suggest that the FAB is a valid and easily applicable bedside test to discriminate executive dysfunction in these three frequently confused bradykinetic rigid syndromes...

..We used an imaging technique known as voxel-compression mapping to localise progressive atrophy in patients with preclinical Alzheimer's disease...

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..This methodology whereby data from patients falling to floor on a given test may be included and accounted for, rather than discarded, may find broader application in clinical studies incorporating neuropsychometric outcomes...

..Here we report for the first time the neuropsychological and clinical assessments in these two groups...

..Increased rates of whole-brain atrophy did not discriminate AD from FTD, but analysis of regional atrophy rates revealed marked differences between patient groups...

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..We wished to assess the potential of diffusion-weighted MRI as a biomarker of disease severity in inherited prion diseases...

..Screening for PSEN1 mutations may be appropriate in cases of familial dementia even where the clinical phenotype is not typical of AD...

..CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic changes are detectable in presymptomatic mutation carriers years before expected onset of Alzheimer disease. Their magnitude is related to proximity of expected age at onset...

..4 GHz Intel Xeon server, whereas manual delineation of each hippocampal pair took approximately 90 min of operator-intensive labour. This method may be useful diagnostically or in studies where analysis of many scans may be required...

..We conclude that sample sizes required in short interval therapeutic trials using cerebral atrophy as an outcome measure may be reduced if multiple serial MRI is performed...

..To determine rates of cerebral atrophy in individuals with symptoms of memory loss but no objective cognitive impairment (SNCI) and their association with future cognitive decline...

..I143F shows incomplete penetration within the affected family. P436S is the most carboxy-terminal presenilin 1 mutation reported to date...

..By comparison with frequencies predicted from published population studies, to estimate the proportion of patients with these conditions who are being accurately diagnosed...

..We used automated cortical thickness (CTh) measurement to compare the grey matter of such a group with cognitively normal controls...

..It is not clear whether MRI-based measurements can differentiate this relative atrophy of the SCP during life...

..We suggest that neuroleptics should be used cautiously in FTLD and treatment should be started at low doses avoiding depot preparations until further prospective studies have been performed...

..10 [0.88]%/year; controls, 0.26 [0.54]%/year). The measurement of cerebral change over short time periods (e.g., 6 months) may be relevant for trials designed to assess effects on neurodegeneration or atrophy...

..This study assessed the value of measuring MTR in addition to volumetric MR in differentiating patients with AD from control subjects...

..Memory functions improved with antiepileptic medication in all three patients. The demonstration of temporal lobe spike activity in patients with progressive memory impairment is an indication for a trial of antiepileptic medication...

..This may have important implications in progression studies...

..Reported are MRI findings of a Phase IIa immunotherapy trial in AD prematurely terminated owing to meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients...

..MRI features described previously in PSP correspond to regions of pathological involvement demonstrated in separate studies, but serial MRI with pathological follow up has not been undertaken...

..To describe the clinical features of nine British families with neuropathologically verified frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to the intronic tau exon 10(+16) mutation...

..Modifications to dialysis may help. Common problems which increase cerebral volume, e.g. acute stroke, require careful appraisal in these patients. These observations need consideration when quantifying atrophy in dialysis patients...

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..We compared baseline clinical, neuropsychological, and MRI measures to characterize these MCI subgroups...

..This suggests that MR measures have a complementary role in monitoring the course of MS, even from the earliest clinical stage...

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..To assess which baseline clinical and MRI measures influence whole-brain atrophy rates, measured from serial MR imaging...

..7%. Fluid registration has potential importance for tracking longitudinal structural changes in brain particularly in the context of the clinical trial where large numbers of subjects may have multiple MR scans...

..Fluid registered MRI may be a useful technique in assessing patterns of focal atrophy in vivo and demonstrating the progression of degenerative diseases...

..This has implications where shorter inter-scan intervals may be advantageous, such as rapid diagnosis, and tracking of disease progression including in a clinical trial...

..This method may be useful to quantify hippocampal volume change, given the reduction in operator time and improved precision...

..Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is thought to be the prodromal phase to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed patterns of gray matter (GM) loss to examine what characterizes MCI and what determines the difference with AD...

..The authors report the results of a phase IIa immunotherapy trial of AN1792(QS-21) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD) that was interrupted because of meningoencephalitis in 6% of immunized patients...

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..This potential benefit must be balanced against the possibility that ventricular volumes may be more likely to be affected by factors other than neurodegeneration...

..High resolution volumetric MRI may be helpful in demonstrating small subcortical infarcts that may not be seen using computed tomography or conventional MRI...

..001) compared to controls. In general the analysis technique is shown to be a robust, accurate and transferable tool of potential value for future studies of dementia and related neuro-degenerative disorders...

..Future studies should assess whether this atrophy inevitably leads to cognitive decline, and whether aggressive treatment of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (particularly hypertension) after a TIA can influence outcome...

..53, P<0.001). No such correlation was found for FTLD patients. This study supports the concept that S100B is of pathological relevance for degeneration of the central nervous system in AD...

..The SNCI group may represent a heterogeneous group with some individuals in the early stages of AD whilst others' memory complaints are more likely linked to anxiety or personality traits...

..2 to 7.8), suggesting that two subtypes of AD can be identified. The typical amnestic phenotype seems to be promoted by the APOE-epsilon4 allele, whereas the atypical nonmemory phenotype occurs in the absence of the APOE-epsilon4 allele...

..CONCLUSIONS: The PSEN1 L153V mutation lies in the main mutation cluster of PSEN1 in the second transmembrane domain. It causes early-onset FAD with clinical features similar to those of other reported FAD pedigrees...

..Another affected sibling also had MRI white matter abnormalities. The MRI findings may reflect an ischemic leukoencephalopathy due to amyloid angiopathy affecting meningocortical vessels...