T Martin Embley

..But the evolutionary gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is now deeper, and the nature of the host that acquired the mitochondrion more obscure, than ever before...

..Comparative study of different mitochondrial homologues is needed to determine their fundamental importance for contemporary eukaryotic cells...

..Recruitment of complex I subunits into a H2-producing pathway provides evidence that mitochondria and hydrogenosomes are aerobic and anaerobic homologues of the same endosymbiotically derived organelle...

..It remains to be seen if members of this family of organelles share a common function essential to the eukaryotic cell, that provides the underlying selection pressure for organelle retention under different living conditions...

..The extraordinary capacity of eukaryotes to repeatedly evolve hydrogen-producing organelles apparently reflects a general ability to modify the biochemistry of the mitochondrial compartment...

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..The finding of relictual mitochondria in microsporidia provides further evidence of the reluctance of eukaryotes to lose the mitochondrial organelle, even when its canonical function of aerobic respiration has been apparently lost...

..These unique enzymes have thus moved from the margins of eukaryotic biology to become the focus of intense speculation and interest. This article summarizes current knowledge of their distribution, evolution and biochemistry...

..These experiments provide some of the strongest evidence yet that yeast mitochondria and Neocallimastix hydrogenosomes are but two manifestations of the same fundamental organelle...

..The genome sequence predicts previously unknown functions for the hydrogenosome, which support a common evolutionary origin of this unusual organelle with mitochondria...

..Contrary to recent reports, our analyses reveal no evidence that these species are descended from an ancestor that contained a photosynthetic endosymbiont...

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..Our analyses further confirm the mitochondrial ancestry of the Neocallimastix hydrogenosome and sheds light upon the stepwise process by which mitochondria evolve into alternate forms of the organelle...

..Together, our studies identify the essential biosynthetic process of Fe-S protein assembly as a key function of microsporidian mitosomes...

..Because many functions of yeast and human mitochondria rely on solutes transported by specialized members of this family, the Entamoeba mitosome must contain only a small subset of these processes requiring adenine nucleotide exchange...

..The data therefore demonstrate a direct link between bacterial community structure, physiological diversity and ecosystem function...

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..This article reviews these fundamental differences between the thioredoxin reductases of some parasites and their hosts, discusses their phylogenetic relationships and considers the potential of the enzymes as therapeutic targets...

..Here, we perform a systematic analysis to investigate the impact of LGT on the evolution of diplomonads, a group of anaerobic protists...

..The data are thus consistent with the complexity hypothesis that predicts that the evolution of simple pathways such as the thioredoxin cascade are likely to be affected by horizontal gene transfer between species...

..The results therefore demonstrate significant effects of soil management on diversity and heterogeneity of ammonia oxidizer populations that are related to similar changes in relevant soil characteristics...

..These results indicate the potential role of soil crenarchaea in the development of soil substrates, as well as ecological diversity within and between major Group 1 lineages...

..Analysis of the genome provides new insights into the workings and genome evolution of a major human pathogen...

..cuniculi, by reductive evolution and analogous gene replacement. Instead of the mitosome providing the parasite cytosol with ATP, the parasite cytosol now seems to provide ATP for the organelle...