Ulf Ekelund

..Recommendations are given for the use of movement sensors during free-living conditions and methods of data analysis and interpretation are discussed...

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..While previous evaluations of interventions to increase physical activity have involved communities or individuals with established disease, less attention has been given to interventions for individuals at risk of disease...

..TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN60986572...

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..Obesity is multifactorial. However, the accumulation of fat mass (FM) is proposed to be due to a positive energy balance, which may be caused by reduced physical activity (PA)...

..It is unclear whether physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) predicts changes in body composition...

..The rising prevalence of obesity in children may be due to a reduction in physical activity (PA)...

..Physical activity data in children and adolescents who differ in body size and age are influenced by whether physical activity is expressed in terms of body movement or energy expenditure...

..A secondary aim was to develop regression equations for prediction of total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure [AEE = 0.9 x TEE - resting metabolic rate (RMR)]...

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..Rapid early postnatal weight gain predicts increased subsequent obesity and related disease risks. However, the exact timing of adverse rapid postnatal weight gain is unclear...

..Until recently, there has been no unified definition of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the youth. Therefore, the prevalence of MetS and its association with potential correlates are largely unknown...

..Early postnatal life has been suggested as an important window during which risks for long-term health may be influenced...

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..It is unclear whether subcomponents of physical activity (PA) are associated with adiposity independent of time spent while sedentary...

..A risk score combining birthweight and infant weight gain (or simply infant weight), together with mother's body mass index and sex may allow early stratification of infants at risk of childhood obesity...

..The purpose of this study was, therefore, to describe the association between physical activity and the metabolic syndrome and to test whether fitness level modifies this relationship...

..Television viewing (TV), a highly prevalent behaviour, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk independently of physical activity. The relationship with mortality, however, is relatively unknown...

..This study examined whether television viewing time is associated with these three outcomes, independently of physical activity energy expenditure and other confounding variables...

..The goal of this study was to investigate whether the effects of common genetic variants associated with fasting glucose in adults are detectable in healthy children...

..Thus, energy expenditure may modify the association between the genetic variation at NOS3 and blood pressure...

..Few questionnaires that assess usual physical activity have been reported to be valid for all different subdimensions of physical activity...

..Whether obesity is a cause or a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle has not yet been fully elucidated, which leaves uncertainty about the direction of causality...

..There was also no evidence of interaction between genotype and physical activity (P = 0.95). Despite an adequately powered study, our findings suggest that rs7566605 is not associated with obesity-related traits and lipids in the EYHS...

..These studies identify variation in LIN28B, a potent and specific regulator of microRNA processing, as the first genetic determinant regulating the timing of human pubertal growth and development...

..However, it is unclear how this association varies according to the domain of life in which the activity takes place...

..TV viewing has been linked to metabolic-risk factors in youth. However, it is unclear whether this association is independent of physical activity (PA) and obesity...

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..We examined associations of variants in these loci with anthropometric traits in children and adolescents...

..Intronic variation in the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene has been unequivocally associated with increased body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and the risk of obesity in populations of different ethnicity...

..High birth weight is associated with adult body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that birth weight and BMI may partly share a common genetic background...

..We sought to examine whether change in physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is associated with change in metabolic risk factors and whether this association is independent of change in fat mass and aerobic fitness...

..Three PAEE-prediction models derived using the current data, and five previously published prediction models were cross-validated to estimate PAEE in this sample...

..These associations were independent of the degree of physical activity and aerobic fitness in this cohort...

..We examined the independent associations between objectively measured free-living physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and the metabolic syndrome in adults in rural and urban Cameroon...

..Further research is necessary to investigate the association between PA and health outcomes in Indian adolescents...

..In conclusion, a substantial proportion of the between-individual variance in relationships between PAI, accelerometry, and HR is captured with simple calibration procedures, feasible for use in epidemiological studies...

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..We examined the validity of a combined HR and motion sensor in estimating physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in free-living adults in rural and urban Cameroon compared with doubly-labelled water (DLW) as criterion...

..Regardless of which position is used, this has little or no effect on movement counts and energy expenditure estimates, which is encouraging for studies where research participants may have to position the monitors themselves...

..Accelerometry could be used to predict PAEE in this population and, therefore, has important applications for monitoring population levels of total physical activity patterns...

..Despite strong evidence from animal studies, our study in the EYHS cohort failed to identify an association of PCK1 polymorphisms with obesity, PA, and fitness...

..To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45 studies of adults (n = 218,166) and nine studies of children and adolescents (n = 19,268)...

..Lower birth weight has been associated with a greater risk of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was examine whether physical activity and aerobic fitness may modify associations between birth weigh and metabolic risk...

..We examined the cross-sectional association between objectively measured free-living physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and glucose tolerance in adult Cameroonians without known diabetes...

..Newly developed PAQs do not appear to perform substantially better than existing PAQs in terms of reliability and validity. Future PAQ studies should include measures of absolute validity and the error structure of the instrument...

..Overall this combined analysis suggests that birth weight may not be an important biological determinant of habitual physical activity or sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents...

..We measured physical activity changes among 10-year-old British children over 12 months and assessed biological and demographic determinants...

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..The ADDITION-Plus trial was designed to address these issues among recently diagnosed patients in primary care over one year...

..Several studies reported inverse associations between birth weight and central adiposity in adults. However, few studies investigated the contributions of different abdominal fat compartments...

..Public health approaches that encourage increased physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviors may prove useful in reducing the population burden associated with metabolic risk...

..Future studies could test the effect of such techniques on physical activity and a wider range of cognitive, affective and physiological consequences, using more frequent measurement intervals...

..To examine the validity of the short, last 7-day, self-administered form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)...

..It is unclear whether it is possible to accurately estimate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) by self-report in youth...

..Interventions to increase children's physical activity have had limited success. One reason may be that children and their parents overestimate children's levels of physical activity, although there is a small amount of data on this topic...

..Knowledge of GPR10 genotype may define those who are least likely to benefit from physical activity. These findings may have relevance in the targeted treatment of hypertensive disease...

..The protective effect of physical activity (PA) on abdominal adiposity is unclear...

..The lack of an association between physical activity and percentage breast density suggests that an association between physical activity and breast cancer risk is unlikely to be mediated through an effect on mammographic breast density...

..Sparse data exist on the combined associations between physical activity and sedentary time with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy children...

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..Other murine studies demonstrate that exercise increases PGC-1alpha mRNA expression...

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..It also has the lowest level of systematic error...

..We present here the analyses of the PA, dietary and anthropometry data...

..To investigate whether associations of common genetic variants recently identified for fasting glucose or insulin levels in nondiabetic adults are detectable in healthy children and adolescents...

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..A framework is presented to guide researchers on the selection of the most suitable tool for use in a specific study...

..Efforts to reverse this trend have not been successful. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a facilitated behavioural intervention to increase the physical activity of sedentary individuals at familial risk of diabetes...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and objectively measured physical activity and whether fitness modified this relationship...

..Despite strong evidence of an inverse association of physical activity with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, whether a certain intensity or time of life of physical activity is most effective for lowering breast cancer risk is not known...

..Whilst efforts should continue to enhance the evidence base it is wise, in the meantime, to stick to the consensus public health advice of advocating 45-60 min moderate intensity activity daily to prevent obesity...

..7%). In conclusion, combining HR and CSA by branched modeling improves estimates of PAEE. IC may be less crucial with this modeling technique...

..abstract:..

..Motor proficiency is positively associated with physical activity levels. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between the timing of infant motor development and subsequent sports participation during adolescence...

..The influence of physical activity on body weight in children and adolescents is controversial...

..The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment...

..In conclusion, the CSA activity monitor is a valid instrument for assessing the intensity of physical activity during treadmill walking in CAD patients. Energy expenditure can be predicted from body weight and activity counts...

..To examine the effect of monitor placement (hip vs back) and of activity setting (treadmill vs track) on the output from the Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI), activity monitor (model WAM 7164)...

..Very limited physical activity data exist that have been collected from representative samples of children and even fewer data collected where physical activity has been measured using objective methods...

..Gene-environment interactions such as this may help explain why replication of genetic association frequently fails...

..This study's aim was to assess the associations of objectively measured physical activity with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and derive guidelines on the basis of this analysis...

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..Our goal was to test the hypothesis that leptin predicts the development of the features of MS independently of obesity...

..The purpose of this work was to analyze the relationship between intensity and duration of physical activity and composite indices of femoral neck strength and bone-mineral content of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body...

..We examined the independent relationships between objectively measured physical activity and insulin resistance in Portuguese children...

..d(-1)) and to examine associations between physical activity and different sedentary behaviors...

..We hypothesized that the accuracy of FLEX HR-estimated TEE would be affected by a) the definition of the FLEX HR and b) the type of training regimen...

..Physical activity is an established risk factor for chronic disease but very little is known about its temporal trends in England. Such information is crucial for planning public health interventions...

..Although multisensor systems may be more accurate, this must be balanced against feasibility, a balance that shifts with technological and scientific advances and should be considered at the beginning of every new study...

..This finding has relevance from the perspective of physical performance, but it may also be informative for the targeted prevention of diseases associated with low fitness such as Type 2 diabetes...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether objectively measured physical activity and dietary macronutrient intake differentially predict body fat in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes and control girls...

..We report here a simple statistical model for ACS prediction that could be used in routine care at a busy ED...

..NO and prostacyclin are not involved in exercise hyperaemia...

..The purpose of this study was to determine which leads in the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) are the best for detecting acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among chest pain patients in the emergency department...

..Because social support is a potential method for promoting PA, we compared mean steps/day during 18 weeks in severely obese outpatients receiving either standard support (SS) or added support (AS)...